Emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants from household laser processing machine

Ko, Hyun Sik; Jeong, Sang Bin; Phyo, Sooyeol; Lee, Jiwon; Jung, Jae Hee

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.018

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As the laser power increased, the particle size range at peak concentration changed from 86.6–115.5 to 27.4–36.5 nm. This indicated that higher laser power produces smaller particles, which is consistent with findings by Ko et al, indicating that relatively smaller particles were emitted with increased laser-induced power . The paired t -test results showed that no statistical ( p > 0.05) difference was observed between laser parameters during the laser cutting of veg 1-tanned leather; however, a significant ( p < 0.001) difference in peak size was observed when the laser cutting of chrome 2- and oil-tanned leathers at a laser power of 15% compared to a laser power of 45%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This indicated that higher laser power produces smaller particles, which is consistent with findings by Ko et al, indicating that relatively smaller particles were emitted with increased laser-induced power. 20 The paired t-test results showed that no statistical (p > 0.05) difference was observed between laser parameters during the laser cutting of veg 1-tanned leather; however, a significant (p < 0.001) difference in peak size was observed when the laser cutting of chrome 2-and oil-tanned leathers at a laser power of 15% compared to a laser power of 45%. Moreover, when laser cutting the chrome-, veg 1-and oiltanned leathers, the emission concentration of small-sized range particles (27.4−36.5 nm) was higher than large particles.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Airborne Hexavalent Chromium and Particulate Matter Emissions during the Laser Cutting of Leathers

Niu,

Hall,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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Workers may be at risk of exposure to airborne contaminants, including hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and particles of diverse shapes and sizes during the laser cutting of leathers because of the extensive chemicals employed in leather tanning processes. Desktop carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser engraving machines have gained popularity in various industries; however, airborne contaminant exposure in the laser cutting process of leathers remains unclear. This study investigated Cr(VI) and particle emissions during laser cutting/engraving of leather treated with various tanning methods. Six tanning methods (chrome 1-, chrome 2-, vegetable 1-, vegetable 2-, oil-, and alum-tanned) were studied at three laser power settings (15, 45, and 75%). A personal air sampler coupled with a sampling cassette and ISO 17075−2 evaluation were used to sample and analyze airborne Cr(VI) concentrations, respectively. Two real-time aerosol monitors were utilized to assess particulate concentrations and size distributions from 10 nm to 10 μm. High concentrations of Cr(VI) were detected in chrome-tanned leathers when the ventilation system was off, indicating the critical role of ventilation. The particle number concentrations were statistically significantly affected by various leather tanning methods and laser powers. Chrome 1-tanned leather exhibited the highest concentration of nanoparticles (<420 nm) at low (14,733 #/cm 3 ) and medium (20,725 #/cm 3 ) laser powers, while veg 2-tanned leather produced the highest micrometer-sized particle (>0.3 μm) concentration, over 1,600 #/cm 3 at all laser powers. The medium laser power exhibited higher nanoparticles than other powers when laser cutting most tanned leathers. The higher power resulted in the generation of smaller-sized particles for chrome-, oil-, and alum-tanned leathers. These findings underscore the importance of adequate ventilation and controlled laser power settings in minimizing health risks during the leather laser cutting processes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Airborne Hexavalent Chromium and Particulate Matter Emissions during the Laser Cutting of Leathers

Niu,

Hall,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This material has been banned from the fab lab. Particle counts found that over 1 × 10 5 #/cc have also been documented using wood; further, Ko et al elucidated that as laser power increases, particle diameter modes decrease, and particle number count increases . Besides the inherent hazards of laser use, lower-power lasers may result in larger particle size and lower number count; larger particles are less likely to be deposited in the alveolar region.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls for University Fabrication Laboratories—Best Practices for Health and Safety

Zontek

Scotto

Hollenbeck

2020

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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3D printing or more specifically fused deposition modeling is the process of using a computer-aided design to extrude filament through a heated nozzle into an object, in which particulates and chemicals are released. Many universities are constructing fabrication laboratories to provide students access to 3D printers, laser cutters, and other tools. In university fabrication processes (3D printing and laser cutting), particulates and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were evaluated. The use of NIOSH's hierarchy of controls and traditional industrial hygiene air monitoring was employed to determine if particulate and chemical exposure was controlled. Results of a VOC, acrylate, and aldehyde scan revealed that all chemical constituents were below OSHA and ACGIH limits. The mass of particulates emitted is of limited concern; however number count or surface area may be more important to measure from a toxicological perspective. Particulate concentrations were significantly lower when local exhaust ventilation was on (Mann−Whitney, U = 553 026, p = 0.00). NIOSH's hierarchy of controls is effective for university fabrication laboratories; however, special note should be taken to install local exhaust ventilation and ensure flexibility in workspaces, employing isolation when possible.

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“…In recent years, many newly-identified sources have been reported, including emissions from oil and natural gas extraction industry [ 24 ], pyrolysis of waste plastics [ 25 ], pulp and paper industry [ 26 ], domestic waste landfill sites [ 27 ], household laser processing machines [ 28 ], and emissions from operations during electrosurgery [ 29 – 32 ], and from plants [ 33 ] and a soil bacterium species [ 34 ]. Among them, two types of sources are worth special attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3-Butadiene: a ubiquitous environmental mutagen and its associations with diseases

Chen

Zhang

2022

Genes and Environ

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Abstract1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a petrochemical manufactured in high volumes. It is a human carcinogen and can induce lymphohematopoietic cancers, particularly leukemia, in occupationally-exposed workers. BD is an air pollutant with the major environmental sources being automobile exhaust and tobacco smoke. It is one of the major constituents and is considered the most carcinogenic compound in cigarette smoke. The BD concentrations in urban areas usually vary between 0.01 and 3.3 μg/m3 but can be significantly higher in some microenvironments. For BD exposure of the general population, microenvironments, particularly indoor microenvironments, are the primary determinant and environmental tobacco smoke is the main contributor. BD has high cancer risk and has been ranked the second or the third in the environmental pollutants monitored in most urban areas, with the cancer risks exceeding 10-5. Mutagenicity/carcinogenicity of BD is mediated by its genotoxic metabolites but the specific metabolite(s) responsible for the effects in humans have not been determined. BD can be bioactivated to yield three mutagenic epoxide metabolites by cytochrome P450 enzymes, or potentially be biotransformed into a mutagenic chlorohydrin by myeloperoxidase, a peroxidase almost specifically present in neutrophils and monocytes. Several urinary BD biomarkers have been developed, among which N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine is the most sensitive and is suitable for biomonitoring BD exposure in the general population. Exposure to BD has been associated with leukemia, cardiovascular disease, and possibly reproductive effects, and may be associated with several cancers, autism, and asthma in children. Collectively, BD is a ubiquitous pollutant that has been associated with a range of adverse health effects and diseases with children being a subpopulation with potentially greater susceptibility. Its adverse effects on human health may have been underestimated and more studies are needed.

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Emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants from household laser processing machine

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Airborne Hexavalent Chromium and Particulate Matter Emissions during the Laser Cutting of Leathers

Airborne Hexavalent Chromium and Particulate Matter Emissions during the Laser Cutting of Leathers

Controls for University Fabrication Laboratories—Best Practices for Health and Safety

1,3-Butadiene: a ubiquitous environmental mutagen and its associations with diseases

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