Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds: An Overview of Field, Laboratory and Modelling Studies Performed during the ‘Tropospheric Research Program’ (TFS) 1997–2000

Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter; Bauknecht, N.; Brüggemann, Nicolas; Einig, Werner; Forkel, R.; Hampp, Rüdiger; Heiden, A. C.; Heizmann, U.; Hoffmann, Thorsten; Holzke, C.; Jaeger, L.; Klauer, Matthias; Komenda, M.; Koppmann, R.; Kreuzwieser, Jürgen; Mayer, Helmut; Rennenberg, Heinz; Smiatek, Gerhard; Steinbrecher, R.; Wildt, Jürgen; Zimmer, W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0399-5_7

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Classical approaches in ecophysiology, which involve mechanistic studies over the controls of trace gas exchange at the leaf and branch level [ Harley et al , 1997; Schnitzler et al , 2002], are challenged by the high species diversity in tropical ecosystems [ Harley et al , 2004]. There is also growing evidence that additional processes, such as disturbance/wounding [ Litvak et al , 1999; Fall et al , 1999] and various microorganisms feeding on VOCs, e.g., isoprene [ Cleveland and Yavitt , 1997], can potentially influence the exchange of reactive carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: Implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Disjunct eddy covariance in conjunction with continuous in-canopy gradient measurements allowed for the first time to quantify the fine-scale source and sink distribution of some of the most abundant biogenic (isoprene, monoterpenes, methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone) and photooxidized (MVK+MAC, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetic, and formic acid) VOCs in an old growth tropical rain forest. Our measurements revealed substantial isoprene emissions (up to 2.50 mg m À2 h À1 ) and light-dependent monoterpene emissions (up to 0.33 mg m À2 h À1 ) at the peak of the dry season (April and May 2003). Oxygenated species such as methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were typically emitted during daytime with net fluxes up to 0.50, 0.36, and 0.20 mg m À2 h À1 , respectively. When generalized for tropical rain forests, these fluxes would add up to a total emission of 36, 16, 19, 106, and 7.2 Tg/yr for methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, isoprene, and monoterpenes, respectively. During nighttime we observed strong sinks for oxygenated and nitrogen-containing compounds such as methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, MVK+MAC, and acetonitrile with deposition velocities close to the aerodynamic limit. This suggests that the canopy resistance (R c ) is very small and not the rate-limiting step for the nighttime deposition of many VOCs. Our measured mean dry deposition velocities of methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, MVK+MAC, and acetonitrile were a factor 10-20 higher than estimated from traditional deposition models. If our measurements are generalized, this could have important implications for the redistribution of VOCs in atmospheric chemistry models. Our observations indicate that the current understanding of reactive carbon exchange can only be seen as a first-order approximation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: Implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore Preußer et al [1999] as well as Potter et al [2001] decided to derive FAPAR (fraction of photosynthetically absorbed radiation) from NDVI with a much stronger linear relationship followed by several other processing steps before coming up with LAI and foliar density distributions, respectively, as input to BVOC emission models. The use of such LAI images for monthly BVOC emission inventories of Germany indicated significant lower BVOC amounts in springtime compared to calculations with literature‐based biomass density values thus not considering seasonal effects [ Schnitzler et al , 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of seasonality, canopy light extinction, and terrain on potential isoprenoid emission from a Mediterranean‐type ecosystem in France

Schaab¹,

Steinbrecher²,

Lacaze

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Sensitivity studies for simulations of yearly cycles and terrain effects are presented for the St.-Martin-de-Londres region (southern France). Potential isoprenoid emissions are simulated using the Solar Radiation Model (SORAM), spatial effects of complex terrain, photosynthetically active radiation, and surface temperature. SORAM is embedded in a geographic information system (GIS) environment and considers a digital elevation model (DEM) of the model domain. Compared to the maximum case (i.e., no variation in emission factors and leaf area index (LAI)), seasonality in LAI for that Mediterranean-type landscape mainly covered by evergreen plant species resulted in an annual amount of 3.5% less for total isoprenoids. By including the intra-annual change in emission factors an additional 12.5% reduction was derived for the area. When the SORAM module that accounts for light extinction within the canopy was switched off, modeled yearly amount in emission increased by 48%. Complex terrain effects showed only a weak influence for the rather moderate terrain of the modeling domain (mean difference of approximately À2.5% in daily sums). However, sensitivity studies based on the DEM exaggerated by a factor of 2 (resulting in differences of À11.7% for the lightand temperature-dependent isoprenoids) revealed that in the case of pronounced relief or if highly resolved results are necessary, the orography should be considered when modeling the driving parameters of light and temperature. biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), isoprenoids, scaling up, geographic information system (GIS), spatial-temporal emission modeling, sensitivity studies Citation: Schaab, G., R. Steinbrecher, and B. Lacaze, Influence of seasonality, canopy light extinction, and terrain on potential isoprenoid emission from a Mediterranean-type ecosystem in France,

show abstract

“…Isoprene is synthesized in and emitted from the photosynthetic tissues of most plant species and mosses (Schnitzler et al 2002), but so far pines have been observed lacking this capacity (Guenther et al 2006). Thus, most of the ecosystem-scale studies at boreal pine forest sites examined by , reported no isoprene emissions at all, although chamber measurements from the forest floor showed low isoprene fluxes.…”

Section: Comparison With Ecosystem-scale Voc Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of volatile organic compounds in the boreal forest floor

Aaltonen¹

2012

Diss. For.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Terrestrial ecosystems, mainly plants, emit large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere. In addition to plants, VOCs also have less-known sources, such as soil. VOCs are a very diverse group of reactive compounds, including terpenoids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. Due to their high reactivity, VOCs take part in chemical reactions in the atmosphere and thus also affect Earth's radiation balance.In this study, chamber and snow gradient techniques for measuring boreal soil and forest floor VOC fluxes were developed. Spatial and temporal variability in fluxes was studied with year-round measurements in the field and the sources of boreal soil VOCs in the laboratory with fungal isolates. Determination of the compounds was performed mass spectrometrically.This study reveals that VOCs from soil are emitted by living roots, above-and belowground litter and microbes. The strongest source appears to be litter, in which both plant residuals and decomposers play a role in the emissions. Temperature and moisture are the most critical physical factors driving VOC fluxes. Since the environment in boreal forests undergoes strong seasonal changes, the VOC flux strength of the forest floor varies markedly during the year, being highest in spring and autumn. The high spatial heterogeneity of the forest floor was also clearly visible in VOC fluxes. The fluxes of trace gases (CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) from soil, which are also related to the soil biological activity and physical conditions, did not correlate with the VOC fluxes.Our results show that emissions of VOCs from the boreal forest floor accounts for as much as several tens of percent, depending on the season, of the total forest ecosystem VOC emissions. This can be utilized in air chemistry models, which are almost entirely lacking the below-canopy compartment.

show abstract

Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds: An Overview of Field, Laboratory and Modelling Studies Performed during the ‘Tropospheric Research Program’ (TFS) 1997–2000

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: Implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation

Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: Implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation

Influence of seasonality, canopy light extinction, and terrain on potential isoprenoid emission from a Mediterranean‐type ecosystem in France

Exchange of volatile organic compounds in the boreal forest floor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About