Emission of aromatic hydrocarbons and aldehydes into the water by a four-stroke outboard motor: Quantitative measurements

LakeVOC; A Deterministic Model to Estimate Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Reservoirs and Lakes

“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), have been found in lakes and reservoirs in the northeastern United States (Baehr and Zapecza, 1998;Baehr and Reilly, 2001), Lake Tahoe, Nevada and California (Boughton and Lico, 1998;Lico and Pennington, 1999), California (Reuter and others, 1998;Dale and others, 2000), and Texas (Mahler, 2000). VOCs have also been found in European lakes and reservoirs (Jüttner, 1988;van Donkelaar, 1988;Jüttner, 1994;Jüttner andothers, 1995a, 1995b). Recreational boating on lakes and reservoirs using outboard marine engines introduces gasoline-related organic compounds including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes to water bodies (Jüttner, 1988;van Donkelaar, 1988;Jüttner, 1994;Jüttner andothers, 1995a, 1995b;Dale and others, 2000;Gabele and Pyle, 2000).…”

The flushing of pollution from recreational boating in tidal embayments with application to Great Salt Pond on Block Island

“…For a particular pollutant of mass, m i , in g/hp-h, the pollution loading factor for an engine type, i, can be defined as Some common pollutant emissions associated with marine engine use computed using data from reference [8]. While other data for gasoline engines [9,10] were considered, only that from [8] were used to obtain these results. .…”

“…(1) number of studies on the pollutants associated with marine engine use [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Four of these studies [8,9,10,16] were considered in the analyses reported herein. The pollution is often reported in grams of pollutant per horse-power hour with measurements being carried out for specific engine size and type and operating on specific vessel types and sizes.…”

“…Pollutant data was gleaned from a number of studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and coupled with boat type-and lengthdistributions, the model was expanded to define an appropriate loading factor, k, for the pollutant under consideration. An interface was written to allow for these factors to be changed for different embayments and boating data.…”

LakeVOC; A Computer Model to Estimate the Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Lakes and Reservoirs

“…Recreational boating on lakes and reservoirs using marine engines, especially older twocycle engines, introduces gasoline-related organic compounds through emission of non-combusted fuel, including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes to water bodies (Jüttner, 1988(Jüttner, , 1994van Donkelaar, 1988;others, 1995a, 1995b;Dale and others, 2000;Gabele and Pyle, 2000). Other possible sources of gasoline-related VOCs to lakes and reservoirs include accidental spills from fueling operations, leaking underground fuel storage tanks or pipelines, overland stormwater runoff, and streamflow and atmospheric inputs.…”