Emission Measurements of the Concorde Supersonic Aircraft in the Lower Stratosphere

Fahey, D. W.; Keim, E. R.; Boering, K. A.; Brock, C. A.; Wilson, J. C.; Jonsson, Haflidi H.; Anthony, Sharon E.; Hanisco, T. F.; Wennberg, P. O.; Miake-Lye, Richard C.; Salawitch, R. J.; Louisnard, N.; Woodbridge, E. L.; Gao, R. S.; Donnelly, S. G.; Wamsley, R. C.; Negro, L. A. Del; Solomon, Susan; Daube, Bruce C.; Wofsy, Steven C.; Webster, Christopher R.; May, R. D.; Kelly, K. K.; Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, James R.; Chan, K. R.

doi:10.1126/science.270.5233.70

Cited by 162 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Aircraft engines also emit particles and cause aerosol trails [Fahey et al, 1995;Hagen et al, 1996;Schumann et al, 1996]. In sufficiently cold air, water vapor emissions cause contrails with properties depending on the induced particles [Karcher et al, 1998].…”

Section: Schumann and Konopkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution from aircraft emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor: Overview on the POLINAT projects

Schumann¹,

Schläger²,

Arnold³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The Pollution From Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (POLINAT) projects were undertaken to investigate the impact of aircraft engine exhaust emissions on the state of the atmosphere in the North Atlantic flight corridor. Changes in the composition of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere from_ aircraft emissions are identified from combined measurements and model analyses. Measurements were performed using the Deutsches Zentrum far Luft-und Raumfahrt Falcon research aircraft and a Swissair B-747 over the North Atlantic covering the altitude range 6 to 13 km in November 1994 and June/July 1995 and from August to November 1997. The measurements include those of nitrogen oxides, nitrous and nitric acids, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, acetone, carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapor, carbon monoxide, aerosols, and meteorological parameters. The atmospheric composition was found to be highly variable, and emissions from sources at the surface or from lightning discharges also contribute strongly to the nitrogen oxides abundance and ozone formation. Contributions from aircraft emissions have been measured and identified in single and multiple plumes of several hours ages, and accumulation of such nitrogen oxides and particles emissions can be identified under certain conditions in and downstream of the flight corridor region. Acetone was found at high mixing ratios. The global and regional models predict ozone increases of 3 to 6% by current air traffic at the flight corridor altitude north of 30øN, in agreement with previous model analyses but too small to be measurable. In autumn, the upper troposphere is often humid with water vapor concentration far above ice saturation, providing conditions for persistent contrails.

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Section: Schumann and Konopkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution from aircraft emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor: Overview on the POLINAT projects

Schumann¹,

Schläger²,

Arnold³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Numerous papers, involving insitu measurements (Fahey et al, 1995;Schröder et al, 1998;Brock et al, 2000) and also modelling studies have emphasized the role of sulphur, chemi-ion and organic compounds on aircrafts plume microphysical processes (Yu and Turco, 1997;Kärcher et al, 1998;Yu et al, 1999). However, the effect of engine operating conditions on the formation of these particles is not yet well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile particles formation during PartEmis: a modelling study

Vancassel

Sorokin

Mirabel³

et al. 2004

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A modelling study of the formation of volatile particles in a combustor exhaust has been carried out in the frame of the PartEmis European project. A kinetic model has been used in order to investigate nucleation efficiency of the H 2 O−H 2 SO 4 binary mixture in the sampling system. A value for the fraction ε of the fuel sulphur S(IV) converted into S(VI) has been indirectly deduced from comparisons between model results and measurements. In the present study, ε ranges between roughly 2.5% and 6%, depending on the combustor settings and on the value assumed for the parameter describing sulphuric acid wall losses. Soot particles hygroscopicity has also been investigated as their activation is a key parameter for contrail formation. Growth factors of monodisperse particles exposed to high relative humidity (95%) have been calculated and compared with experimental results. The modelling study confirms that the growth factor increases as the soot particle size decreases.

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“…Each tank was then pressurized to one atmosphere with particle-free dry air to minimize modification of the sample by diffusion and agglomeration losses, then sealed. For particulate in the size range and concentrations of interest (< 10 3 cm '3) the GTS postacquisition sample modification can be estimated using the MAEROS model [Gelbard, 1983] that describes the evolution of an aerosol size spectrum. In this case, loss to the tank walls from Brownian motion causes the most significant change to the aerosol size spectrum with a predicted reduction in concentration by factors of 4, 0.4, and 0.1 at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 gm, respectively, over a three hour period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ measurement of the aerosol size distribution in stratospheric solid rocket motor exhaust plumes

Ross¹,

Whitefield²,

Hagen³

et al. 1999

Geophysical Research Letters

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Emission Measurements of the Concorde Supersonic Aircraft in the Lower Stratosphere

Cited by 162 publications

References 32 publications

Pollution from aircraft emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor: Overview on the POLINAT projects

Pollution from aircraft emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor: Overview on the POLINAT projects

Volatile particles formation during PartEmis: a modelling study

In situ measurement of the aerosol size distribution in stratospheric solid rocket motor exhaust plumes

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