Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for specific anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

Abstract

Abstract. A high-resolution air pollutant emission inventory for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was updated for 2017 using emission factors and chemical speciation based mainly on local measurements in this study. The inventory included 424 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and 43 fine particulate matter (PM2.5) species from 259 specific sources. The total emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, PM10, PM2.5, and NH3 in the YRD region in 2017 were 1552, 3235, 38 507, 4875, 3770, 1597, and 2467 Gg, respectively. SO2 and CO emissions were mainly from boilers, accounting for 49 % and 73 % of the total. Mobile sources dominated NOx emissions, contributing 57 % of the total. NMVOC emissions, mainly from industrial sources, made up 61 % of the total. Dust sources accounted for 55 % and 28 % of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, respectively. Agricultural sources accounted for 91 % of NH3 emissions. Major PM2.5 species were OC, Ca, Si, PSO4, and EC, accounting for 9.0 %, 7.0 %, 6.4 %, 4.6 %, and 4.3 % of total PM2.5 emissions, respectively. The main species of NMVOCs were aromatic hydrocarbons, making up 25.3 % of the total. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) contributed 21.9 % of the total NMVOC emissions. Toluene had the highest comprehensive contribution to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potentials, while other NMVOCs included 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, propylene, ethene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Industrial process and solvent-use sources were the main sources of O3 and SOA formation potential, followed by motor vehicles. Among industrial sources, chemical manufacturing, rubber and plastic manufacturing, appliance manufacturing, and textiles made significant contributions. This emission inventory should provide scientific guidance for future control of air pollutants in the YRD region of China.

OMI-observed HCHO in Shanghai, China, during 2010–2019 and ozone sensitivity inferred by an improved HCHO ∕ NO2 ratio

“…Note that areas with the highest HCHO VCD in Shanghai did not appear in the city center (marked by the red box) but in the relatively remote Qingpu (QP) district, followed by Songjiang (SJ) and Jinshan (JS) district. Compared to the anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions, the distribution of HCHO VCDs does not show the same spatial pattern (An et al, 2021). The high HCHO in western Shanghai was frequently observed and may be explained by the transport of air masses containing high concentrations of reactive VOCs, sometimes from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, and the significant contribution of local biogenic isoprene to HCHO (Su et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020Zhang et al, , 2021.…”

“…Satellite remote sensing can achieve large-scale observation of atmospheric pollutant gases including HCHO, which has been widely used in recent years. Sensors currently available for HCHO observation include the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on ERS-2 (Burrows et al, 1999;Martin et al, 2004b); Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) on ENVISAT (Bovensmann et al, 1999;Stavrakou et al, 2009); Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura (Levelt et al, D. Li et al: OMI-observed HCHO and ozone sensitivity in Shanghai, China 2006;Zhu et al, 2017b); GOME-2 A, B, and C on METOP as the successor of GOME (Callies et al, 2000;De Smedt et al, 2012); Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on Suomi-NPP (Su et al, 2019); and Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on Sentinel-5P (Veefkind et al, 2012;Vigouroux et al, 2020). OMI can provide daily data of HCHO with higher spatial resolution (13 km × 24 km).…”

Elevated Formation of Particulate Nitrate From N2O5 Hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta Region From 2011 to 2019

“…The reduction in K + was the most pronounced, followed by Ca 2+ , Cl − , and EC. The annual decrease rates of K + , Ca 2+ , Cl−, and EC were 30.0%, 14.4%, 10.8%, and 9.5%, respectively, which was attributed to the nationwide control of fugitive dust, biomass burning, and coal combustion in the past few years (An et al, 2021;Cheng et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2013). Evident reduction of primary components in PM 2.5 may change the chemical characteristics of PM 2.5 .…”

Regional Transport of PM2.5 and O3 Based on Complex Network Method and Chemical Transport Model in the Yangtze River Delta, China

“…Similar to POIS, the PIISs of O 3 in southwestern areas-including Lishui and Huangshan-is higher than in other areas, possibly due to downwind location and relatively low O 3 concentration in these areas. In addition, the neighboring cities of Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Jinhua are high in O 3 , possibly due to their proximity to Hangzhou Bay, an area with sstrong emissions of VOCs and NOx (An et al, 2021).…”