Emission inventory and environmental distribution of decabromodiphenyl ether in China

Zhang, Boya; Zhao, Bu; Yu, Mengqi; Zhang, Jianbo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.060

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The emission of BDE209 in Japan (in RE2) from in-use stock and industrial processes was estimated to range between ∼0.2 and 2 t/yr in 2002, which is smaller than, but close to, the emission in the entire RE2 (∼10 t/yr). The emission of BDE209 in China was previously estimated to peak at ∼30 t/yr, while we estimated that the peak occurred at ∼40 t/yr. Earnshaw et al estimated that the peak in the emission of BDE209 occurred at ∼10 t/yr in Europe, whereas we estimated a peak in the emission of BDE209 was at ∼16 t/yr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Global Historical Stocks and Emissions of PBDEs

Abbasi

Breivik

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

231

123

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The first spatially and temporally resolved inventory of BDE28,47, 99, 153, 183, and 209 in the anthroposphere and environment is presented here. The stock and emissions of PBDE congeners were estimated using a dynamic substance flow analysis model, CiP-CAFE. To evaluate our results, the emission estimates were used as input to the BETR-Global model. Estimated concentrations were compared with observed concentrations in air from background areas. The global (a) in-use and (b) waste stocks of ∑ 5 BDE (28,47, 99, 153, 183) and BDE209 are estimated to be (a) ∼25 and 400 kt and (b) 13 and 100 kt, respectively, in 2018. A total of 6 (0.3−13) and 10.5 (9−12) kt of ∑ 5 BDE and BDE209, respectively, has been emitted to the atmosphere by 2018. More than 70% of PBDE emissions during production and use occurred in the industrialized regions, while more than 70% of the emissions during waste disposal occurred in the less industrialized regions. A total of 70 kt of ∑ 5 BDE and BDE209 was recycled within products since 1970. As recycling rates are expected to increase under the circular economy, an additional 45 kt of PBDEs (mainly BDE209) may reappear in new products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Global Historical Stocks and Emissions of PBDEs

Abbasi

Breivik

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

231

123

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“…Generally, the global e-waste, including waste LCD panels, has two disposal manners: formal and informal disposals . The processes carried out by these two manners of e-waste disposal mainly include dismantling, crushing, recycling, and landfill.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During these processes, LCMs can be directly emitted to various environmental compartments, but their emission factors remain unknown for now. To estimate the global release of LCMs to the environment, we assumed that the emission factors of LCMs are similar to those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls, which have been generally reported to be 5.0 × 10 –6 to 5.0 × 10 –4 in the recycling and disposal of e-waste. − Under this assumption, the direct release of LCMs from the global waste television/computer LCD panels into the environment was estimated to be 1.07–107 kg/year. It should be noted that this is just a preliminary estimate of the global release of LCMs into the environment because information regarding the accurate discarded amount of the global waste LCD panels and the exact emission factors of LCMs during the dismantling, crushing, recycling, and disposal of these waste LCD panels is not available at present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the global e-waste, including waste LCD panels, has two disposal manners: formal and informal disposals. 36 The processes carried out by these two manners of e-waste disposal mainly include dismantling, crushing, recycling, and landfill. During these processes, LCMs can be directly emitted to various environmental compartments, but their emission factors remain unknown for now.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers—Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues—in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment

Liang

Xie

Zhu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Our previous study demonstrated massive emissions of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) from liquid crystal display (LCD)-associated ewaste dismantling; however, the compositions, priority list, and inventory of LCMs in waste LCD panels remain unknown. Herein, we conducted the first comprehensive identification covering a broader range of LCMs, including 21 biphenyls and analogues (BAs), 28 cyanobiphenyls and analogues (CBAs), and 44 fluorinated biphenyls and analogues (FBAs), in waste television/ computer LCD panels. A total of 64 of the 93 target LCMs, including 19 BAs, 6 CBAs, and 39 FBAs, were widely detected in collected waste LCD panels. Approximately 10−18 of the 64 detectable LCMs were identified as the main compositions in various waste LCD panels, which contributed to >90% of the total LCMs. Total concentrations of FBAs in the television/computer LCD panel samples were comparable to those of BAs but much higher than those of CBAs, indicating FBAs and BAs being the commonly used LCM categories. The composition distribution of LCMs varied between television/computer LCDs and among different brands of television/computer LCDs. A preliminary estimate of the globally direct release of LCMs from waste television/computer LCD panels into various environmental compartments was about 1.07−107 kg/year, which will increase considerably in the near future.

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“…Studies showed that the background level of Cd in the Yangtze River water system was 0.019 μg/l [5]. Ma et al [6] concluded that Cd level in the surface sediment of Dan River was just between the lowest effect level and severe effect level values, and could provide a serious ecological risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression, purification of metallothionein genes from freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) and development of an anti-metallothionein ELISA

et al. 2017

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Using the phoA-fusion technology, the recombinant metallothionein (MT) from freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) has been successfully produced in Escherichia coli. MT purified from the bacterial suspension showed one polypeptide with a molecular weight of 7 kDa by tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tricine-SDS-PAGE). Western-blotting confirmed the polypeptides had a specific reactivity with mouse polyclonal MT anti-serum. Based on the purified MT and MT anti-serum, the reaction parameters for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed. The direct coating ELISA showed a higher linear relationship compared to antibody sandwich coating ELISA. The optimal dilution rates of purified MT anti-serum and coating period were shown to be 1:160,000 and 12 hours at 4°C. At 37°C, the appropriate reaction duration of the first antibody and the second antibody were 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively. According to these optimal parameters, the standard linear equation, y = 0.0032x + 0.1769 (R2 = 0.9779, x, y representing MT concentration and OD450 value), was established for the determination of MT concentration with a valid range of 3.9–500 ng/ml. In verification experiments, the mean coefficients of variation of the intra-assay and inter-assay were 3.260% and 3.736%, respectively. According to the result of MT recovery, ELISA with an approaching 100% MT recovery was more reliable and sensitive than the Cd saturation assay. In conclusion, the newly developed ELISA of this study was precise, stable and repeatable, and could be used as a biomarker tool to monitor pollution by heavy metals.

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Emission inventory and environmental distribution of decabromodiphenyl ether in China

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Global Historical Stocks and Emissions of PBDEs

Global Historical Stocks and Emissions of PBDEs

Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers—Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues—in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment

Expression, purification of metallothionein genes from freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) and development of an anti-metallothionein ELISA

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