Emission factors of PCDD and PCDF for road vehicles obtained by tunnel experiment

The winter effect on formation of PCDD/Fs in Guangzhou by vehicles: A tunnel study

“…The dominant congeners were OCDD (19.1%), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (13.5%), OCDF (11.5%) and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF (11.2%), and the combined concentrations of the 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDFs were about 200% higher than the combined concentrations of the 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs. This feature is not commonly found in other similar studies except for that by Oehme et al (1991) who observed that the total of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDFs far exceeds the total 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD concentrations by a factor of 2 within a tunnel. Another feature is that 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the major I-TEQ value contributor of all sites in all seasons (Fig.…”

“…An emission factor of 65.0 pg I-TEQ km À1 was estimated for road traffic by comparing tunnel sampling with background air sampling outside of the tunnel, conducted in 1991 in Antwerp, Belgium (Wevers et al, 1992). Oehme et al (1991) reported an EF value of 28.0 pg I-TEQ km À1 for a typical unleaded petrol catalyst vehicle and 720 pg I-TEQ km À1 for diesel vehicle, based on a study of Norwegian tunnel. In a tunnel study in Taiwan, Chang et al (2004) calculated the emission factors ranged from 5.83 to 59.2 pg I-TEQ km À1 of a typical gasoline-powered vehicle and 23.3 to 236 pg I-TEQ km À1 for a diesel vehicle when all tested vehicles were driven at high speeds (90 km h À1 ).…”

PCDD/F emissions from light-duty diesel vehicles operated under highway conditions and a diesel-engine based power generator

“…The results vary from 7.9 to 12, 0.71 to 0.78 and 0.46 to 1.3 ng I-TEQ/km for the light duty vans RK1, RK2 and the passenger car, respectively. These values are slightly higher or on the same order of the highest available published data: 1.3-9.5 ng I-TEQ/km [7], 0.72-9.5 ng I-TEQ/km [9], 0.91 ng I-TEQ/km [24] and 1.7 ng I-TEQ/km [26]. Tables S7 and S8 of Concerning test 3 (cold conditions) and test 4 (warm conditions), which were carried out 2 days apart, it can be observed that the emission of PCDD/Fs was higher in the former than the latter.…”

Atmospheric Dioxin and Furan Deposition in Relation to Land-Use and Other Pollutants: A Survey with Lichens

“…This maximum value is twice as high as those reported for the largest municipalities of the country, Lisboa and Porto (both outside the study region). Several authors quote that vehicles exhaust are the source of PCDD/Fs in urban areas (Ballschmiter et al, 1986;Hagenmaier et al, 1990;Oehme et al, 1991;Wevers et al, 1992;Quaß et al, 2004;Chang et al, 2004). Supporting this, it was shown that PCDD/Fs were related to Cu and Cr measured in lichens, which are known to be vehicle emission indicators (Ormod, 1984;Saquid et al, 1989;Ward, 1989) (Table II).…”