Emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles and validation by tunnel measurements

Hausberger, Stefan; Rodler, Johannes; Sturm, Peter-Johann; Rexeis, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.05.002

Cited by 84 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This type of technique uses a pump to sample the ambient air and sometimes samples of PM or HC emissions collected and analysed in a laboratory [15], and it is considered to be a good tool in measuring the in-use vehicle fleet rather than single vehicles measurements [16]. One of their applications has been applied in tunnel studies, where this equipment is placed inside the tunnel in order to measure the emissions factors for CO, CO2, NOx, and HC [17]. Sometimes, tunnel studies have been conducted in order to validate the emission estimations [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving cycle developments and their impacts on energy consumption of transportation

Achour

Olabi

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving cycle developments and their impacts on energy consumption of transportation

Achour

Olabi

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…When validating these estimates, significant differences between measured and modeled emission rates have been found [26]. Sometimes, tunnel studies have been conducted in order to validate the emission estimations [27]. In Edinburgh, for instance, the driving cycle was obtained from recorded data in actual traffic conditions, using the car chase technique, and compared with the European driving cycle [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating vehicle emissions from road transport, case study: Dublin City

2011

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Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for the transportation sector, particularly car emissions in urban areas, and there is much interest in evaluating the actual level of emissions. In this paper, a case study of a standard driving cycle in the urban area of Dublin city is presented. On-road, speed-time data was extracted by an on-board diagnostic tool, and saved into a data acquisition package. Firstly, the driving cycle was established for the urban area of the city; one car travelling different routes has been employed to implement this research and some representative results have been achieved. The second part of the project was to estimate the emissions from the same car using the driving cycle obtained and compare the results with those obtained by a gas analyzer attached to the car simultaneously in order to validate the methodology used in this paper.A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is proposed and estimated vehicle emissions were compared with measured results. The method is easy to follow and the results are in a good fit to the estimated values.

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“…The EF depends on many variables: vehicle size, type, cylinder capacity, fuel mode (gasohol or diesel), type of exhaust technology (with/without catalytic converter); driving style (acceleration and speed); road gradient; and vehicle maintenance (Colberg et al 2005a). The EFs of single vehicles can be measured using chassis dynamometers or simple engine emission measurements (Lim et al 2006;Yang et al 2005;Hausberger et al 2003;Schmitz et al 2000). However, dynamometer tests cannot accurately reflect the potential importance of on-road factors such as actual driving conditions and evaporative emissions from fuel tanks (Kawaashima et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicular particulate matter emissions in road tunnels in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Sánchez-Ccoyllo

Ynoue

Martins

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

103

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In the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, ozone and particulate matter (PM) are the air pollutants that pose the greatest threat to air quality, since the PM and the ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds) are the main source of air pollution from vehicular emissions. Vehicular emissions can be measured inside road tunnels, and those measurements can provide information about emission factors of in-use vehicles. Emission factors are used to estimate vehicular emissions and are described as the amount of species emitted per vehicle distance driven or per volume of fuel consumed. This study presents emission factor data for fine particles, coarse particles, inhalable particulate matter and black carbon, as well as size distribution data for inhalable particulate matter, as measured in March and May of 2004, respectively, in the Jânio Quadros and Maria Maluf road tunnels, both located in São Paulo. The Jânio Quadros tunnel carries mainly light-duty vehicles, whereas the Maria Maluf tunnel carries light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. In the Jânio Quadros tunnel, the estimated light-duty vehicle emission factors for the trace elements copper and bromine were 261 and 220 microg km(-1), respectively, and 16, 197, 127 and 92 mg km(-1), respectively, for black carbon, inhalable particulate matter, coarse particles and fine particles. The mean contribution of heavy-duty vehicles to the emissions of black carbon, inhalable particulate matter, coarse particles and fine particles was, respectively 29, 4, 6 and 6 times higher than that of light-duty vehicles. The inhalable particulate matter emission factor for heavy-duty vehicles was 1.2 times higher than that found during dynamometer testing. In general, the particle emissions in São Paulo tunnels are higher than those found in other cities of the world.

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Emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles and validation by tunnel measurements

Cited by 84 publications

References 2 publications

Driving cycle developments and their impacts on energy consumption of transportation

Driving cycle developments and their impacts on energy consumption of transportation

Estimating vehicle emissions from road transport, case study: Dublin City

Vehicular particulate matter emissions in road tunnels in Sao Paulo, Brazil

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