Emission controls and changes in air quality in Guangzhou during the Asian Games

Liu, Huan; Wang, Xuemei; Zhang, Jinpu; He, Kebin; Wu, Ye; Xu, Jiayu

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.004

Cited by 89 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The error is 26 %, which is in the acceptable range for this type of modeling (X. Liu et al, 2013). The target of model use in this study is to provide the annual concentration because the first step in air quality improvement is based on annual concentration attainment.…”

Section: Air Quality Models and Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It was used in the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment Carmichael et al, 2003) and performed well compared with observed data in the PRD region (X. Wang et al, 2005Liu et al, 2013). MM5 was run to produce the meteorological fields to drive the STEM-2K3.…”

Section: Air Quality Models and Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MM5 was run to produce the meteorological fields to drive the STEM-2K3. The performance of MM5 has been evaluated both for Guangzhou (Chen et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2013) and the other regions in previous studies (Streets et al, 2007). STEM was evaluated with six statistical metrics, i.e., average for observation (OBS) and simulation (SIM), absolute bias (ME), bias, root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the index of agreement (IOA), as calculated below, where S i stands for the simulation and O i stands for the observation.…”

Section: Air Quality Models and Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, this study aims to provide an example on how to develop the CIP. In this study, we chose Guangzhou as a pilot city because the scientific PM 2.5 and O 3 monitoring network was already set up and providing data ahead of other cities Liu et al, 2013;Chan and Yao, 2008;Tan et al, 2009;Verma et al, 2010). The successful regional cooperation between the governments in Guangdong and Hong Kong helps the understanding of the PM 2.5 and ozone status, which are very much regional in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

et al. 2013

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Abstract.Improving the air quality in China is a long and arduous task. Although China has made very aggressive plans for air pollutant control, the difficulties in achieving the new air quality goals are still significant. A lot of cities are developing their implementation plan (CIP) for new air quality goals. In this study, a southern city, Guangzhou, has been selected to analyze the feasibility and difficulties of new air quality standard compliance, as well as the CIP evaluation. A comprehensive study of the air quality status in Guangzhou and the surrounding area was conducted using 22 monitoring sites collection data for O 3 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 . The monthly non-attainment rates for O 3 vary from 7 to 25 % for May to November. The city average PM 2.5 concentration was 53 µg m −3 in Guangzhou in 2010, which needs to be reduced by at least 34 % to achieve the target of 35 µg m −3 . The PM 2.5 high violation months are from November to March. A CIP was developed for Guangzhou, which focused on PM 2.5 . Based on the CIP, the emission amounts of NO x , PM 10 , PM 2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 2025 would be controlled to 119, 61, 26 and 163 thousand tons, respectively, reduced by 51.9 %, 55.9 %, 61.8 % and 41.3 %, respectively, compared to 2010. Analysis of air quality using the model MM5-STEM suggests that the long-term control measures would achieve the PM 2.5 and PM 10 goals successfully by 2025. The PM 2.5 annual average concentration would be reduced to 27 µg m −3 in 2025. However, such PM 2.5 -based emission control scenarios may enhance the ozone pollution problems. The O 3 non-attainment rate would increase from 7.1 % in 2010 to 12.9 % in 2025, implying that ozone will likely become a major compliance issue with the new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). This suggests that O 3 control must be taken into account while designing PM 2.5 control strategies, especially PM 2.5 compliance under increased atmospheric oxidation, and for VOCs / NO x reduction ratios need to be further investigated, in order to eventually achieve O 3 -PM 2.5 co-improvement in this region or other cities.

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Section: Air Quality Models and Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Air Quality Models and Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Quality Models and Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

et al. 2013

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“…UNEP (2009) suggested that the concentration of PM 10 in Beijing was reduced by 20 % due to the emission reduction measures. Liu et al (2013) reported that the concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5 were reduced by 66.8, 51.3, 21.5, and 17.1 %, respectively, during the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, and during which stricter control measures for emission sources were implemented. Furthermore, further stricter controls for emission sources were implemented in both Beijing and its surrounding regions during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit and parade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. To evaluate the environmental effectiveness of the control measures for atmospheric pollution in Shijiazhuang, China, a large-scale controlling experiment for emission sources of atmospheric pollutants (i.e. a temporary emission control action, TECA) was designed and implemented during 1 November 2016 to 9 January 2017. Compared to the no-control action and heating period (NCAHP), under unfavourable meteorological conditions, the mean concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and chemical species (Si, Al, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) in PM 2.5 during the control action and heating period (CAHP) still decreased by 8, 8, 5, 19, 30.3, 4.5, 47.0, and 45.2 %, respectively, indicating that the control measures for atmospheric pollution were effective. The effects of control measures in suburbs were better than those in urban area, especially for the control effects of particulate matter sources. The control effects for emission sources of carbon monoxide (CO) were not apparent during the TECA period, especially in suburbs, likely due to the increasing usage of domestic coal in suburbs along with the temperature decreasing.The results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that crustal dust, secondary sources, vehicle emissions, coal combustion and industrial emissions were main PM 2.5 sources. Compared to the whole year (WY) and the no-control action and no-heating period (NCANHP), the contribution concentrations and proportions of coal combustion to PM 2.5 increased significantly during other stages of the TECA period. The contribution concentrations and proportions of crustal dust and vehicle emissions to PM 2.5 decreased noticeably during the CAHP compared to other stages of the TECA period. The contribution concentrations and proportions of industrial emissions to PM 2.5 during the CAHP decreased noticeably compared to the NCAHP. The pollutants' emission sources during the CAHP were in effective control, especially for crustal dust and vehicles. However, the necessary coal heating for the cold winter and the unfavourable meteorological conditions had an offset effect on the control measures for emission sources to some degree. The results also illustrated that the discharge of pollutants might still be enormous even under such strict control measures.

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Spatial and temporal variability of ozone sensitivity over China observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

2015

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Surface ozone (O 3 ) air pollution in populated regions has been attributed to emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO + NO 2 = NO x ) and reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These constituents react with hydrogen oxide radicals (OH + HO 2 = HO x ) in the presence of sunlight and heat to produce O 3 . The question of whether to reduce NO x emissions, VOC emissions, or both is complicated by spatially and temporally heterogeneous ozone-NO x -VOC sensitivity. This study characterizes spatial and temporal variations in O 3 sensitivity by analyzing the ratio of formaldehyde (HCHO, a marker of VOCs) to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a metric known as the formaldehyde nitrogen ratio (FNR). Level 3 gridded retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the NASA Aura satellite were used to calculate FNR, with our analysis focusing on China. Based on previous studies, we take FNR < 1.0 as indicating VOC-limited regimes, FNR > 2.0 as indicating NO x -limited regime, and FNR between 1.0 and 2.0 as indicating transitional regime (where either NO x reductions or VOC reductions would be expected to reduce O 3 ). We find that the transitional regime is widespread over the North China Plain (NCP), the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta during the ozone season (defined as having near-surface air temperatures >20°C at the early afternoon OMI overpass time). Outside of these regions, the NO x -limited regime is dominant. Because HCHO and NO 2 have distinct seasonal patterns, FNR also has a pronounced seasonality, consistent with the seasonal cycle of surface O 3 . Examining trends from 2005 to 2013 indicates rapid growth in NO 2 , especially over less-developed areas where O 3 photochemistry is NO x limited. Over this time period, HCHO decreased in southern China, where VOC emissions are dominated by biogenic sources, but increased slightly over the NCP, where VOC emissions are dominated by anthropogenic sources. A linear regression approach suggests that most of China (70% of grid cells) will be characterized by a transitional regime during the O 3 season by 2030. However, in megacities such as Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing, NO 2 has decreased such that the chemical regime has shifted from VOC limited in 2005 to transitional in 2013.

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Emission controls and changes in air quality in Guangzhou during the Asian Games

Cited by 89 publications

References 23 publications

Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

Spatial and temporal variability of ozone sensitivity over China observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

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Emission controls and changes in air quality in Guangzhou during the Asian Games

Cited by 89 publications

References 23 publications

Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and ozone from 2010 to 2025

Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and ozone from 2010 to 2025

Effectiveness evaluation of temporary emission control action in 2016 in winter in Shijiazhuang, China

Spatial and temporal variability of ozone sensitivity over China observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

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Resources

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Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025