Emission characteristics of diesel, gas to liquid, and biodiesel-blended fuels in a diesel engine for passenger cars

Emission characteristics of iso-propanol/gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine combined with exhaust gas re-circulation

“…This phenomenon is the same as the result of butanol [8], while differs from the observation in diesel engine which indicates an increased PM number concentration with the addition of EGR [29]. The experimental result that PM number concentration increases with the increase of load suggests the increase of PM nucleation dominates the overall PM number emission rather than PM oxidation.…”

Influence of gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel in the blends of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel: An analysis of combustion–performance–emission characteristics

“…FT synthesis converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into various liquid hydrocarbons, by using suitable catalysts [7]. GTL fuel possesses higher CN, virtually zero sulfur and negligible amounts of aromatic compounds [8][9][10], and demonstrates significantly lower emission than diesel and biodiesel [11][12][13]. Thus, it can be regarded as a clean alternative fuel that can yield low exhaust emissions, without any major engine modifications and significant loss in efficiency.…”

Comparative evaluation of the blends of gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuels and biodiesels with diesel at high idling conditions: an in-depth analysis on engine performance and environment pollutants

“…Biodiesel is dened as the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids, which can be extracted from vegetable oils, animal fats and alcohol. [11][12][13] Thus, it can be regarded as a clean alternative fuel that can yield low exhaust emissions, without any major engine modications and signicant loss in efficiency. 1,2 Jatropha curcas and Alexandrian laurel can be regarded as potential feedstock for biodiesel production because of their non-edible origin, higher oil yield than other non-edible feedstocks and the compliance of the biodiesel yield from its crude oil with the US ASTM D6751 and European Union EN 14214 biodiesel standards.…”