Emission Characteristics and Sensitivity in a High-Voltage Spark Discharge.

Walters, John P.; Malmstadt, H. V.

doi:10.1021/ac60231a010

Cited by 62 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Fundamental studies on the emission characteristics of spark discharge plasmas were investigated in 1950s, [1][2][3] which was followed by the development of modern equipment for SD-OES and the algorithm for the data handling such as a pulse distribution analysis method. [4][5][6] The early detector system using a photograph plate was replaced with a set of photomultiplier tubes in the modern equipment, leading to an advanced measurement in SD-OES using intensity integration for individual analytical lines and rapid computer-controlled data readout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Emission Characteristics of Copper Atomic and Ionic Lines in Reduced-pressure Argon Spark Discharge Plasma Based on Time-resolved Measurement

Wagatsuma

Nakamura

2006

ISIJ Int.

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Time-resolved signals of several atomic and ionic copper lines from argon spark discharge plasmas were measured when the pressure of argon was varied at evacuated atmospheres. The time profiles of these emission lines were quite different. The profile width of the atomic resonance line, Cu I 324.75 nm, was broader than that of an ionic line, Cu II 213.60 nm. In the case of Cu I 324.75 nm, the overall lifetime of the signal was almost constant independent of the argon pressures, and the profile comprised an initial peak and a subsequent large tail which was more predominant at larger pressures of argon. In the case of Cu II 213.60 nm, the overall lifetime of the signal was a little varied at different argon pressures, and the profile comprised an initial peak and a subsequent small tail. These effects could be explained from the difference in the excitation process between the atomic and the ionic lines, which was changed temporally within a single spark shot.KEY WORDS: reduced-pressure argon spark discharge plasma; atomic emission spectrometry; copper emission line; time-resolved measurement; excitation mechanism.ISIJ International, Vol. 46 (2006), No. 11, pp. 1668No. 11, pp. -1673 sures, indicating that the signal-to-background ratios for analytical emission lines increase with reducing the Ar pressure. 8) In this paper, we report on the behaviour of copper emission lines emitted from reduced-pressure argon spark discharge plasmas by analysing transient response of their emission signals with the progress of the spark discharge. Copper atomic or ionic lines having various excitation energies were observed at various pressures of argon employed as the surrounding gas. The temporal variation of their emission intensities is different among these emission lines and strongly depends on the argon pressure, which gives important information on their excitations in the spark discharge plasma. The excitation mechanism of the copper lines is suggested from these experiments. Experimental Temporal Changes of Spark Discharge PlasmaA spark discharge is caused by discontinuous destruction in gas isolation between two electrodes, which is usually regulated by a charge/discharge cycle of a capacitor with an ignitor in a spark discharge instrument.7) The spark channel originates from a flow of electrons having large kinetic energies that can be provided by the charge voltage between the electrodes. Sample atoms, which are evaporated from the cathode surface (cathode spot) through heating by electron ejection, are excited and/or ionized in the plasma and then de-excited with a characteristic radiation. This radiation is detected and analysed in SD-OES. The spark discharge plasma results from various collisions between fast electrons and surrounding gas species; therefore, the excitation characteristics of the plasma would be dependent on the pressure of the plasma gas. Because the spark is a discontinuous discharge followed by a sudden decrease in the charge voltage, the resulting atomic emission from the plasma also gives a p...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Emission Characteristics of Copper Atomic and Ionic Lines in Reduced-pressure Argon Spark Discharge Plasma Based on Time-resolved Measurement

Wagatsuma

Nakamura

2006

ISIJ Int.

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“…The optical relaxation of these excited species is accompanied by the emission of photons which are characteristic to the particular spectroscopic transition. As it can be seen in have negligible contribution to the erosion of the electrode material which is supported by the fact that spectroscopically these stages are characterized by molecular bands in the emission spectrum when a molecular gas is used as ambient gas [61]. In a typical, i.e.…”

Section: Temporally and Spatially Resolved Emission Spectrum Of The Smentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In a typical, i.e. freerunning SDG the breakdown is expected to complete quickly due to the low inductance of the discharge loop [61]. Unfortunately Cu + could only be detected with a very low signal-to-noise ratio, which is probably due to the reduced sensitivity of my instrumentation in the UV range, where dominant Cu II lines emit.…”

Section: Temporally and Spatially Resolved Emission Spectrum Of The Smentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this particular application spark plasmas are used for sampling and exciting the components of a sample to be analyzed, which was thoroughly studied by several researchers for more than one hundred years [51,[57][58][59][60]. ii) breakdown, iii) arc, and iv) afterglow stages [53,61]. This classification assumes that the temporal starting point of the spark is the moment of application of the high voltage,…”

Section: Microsecond-long Atmospheric Pressure Oscillatory Spark Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temporal length of the breakdown depends on the inductance of the discharge circuit. The smaller the inductance, the shorter the duration of the breakdown [61]. The discharge enters the arc stage when electric current starts to flow between the electrodes, which eventually results in the erosion of the electrode material.…”

Section: Microsecond-long Atmospheric Pressure Oscillatory Spark Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission Characteristics and Sensitivity in a High-Voltage Spark Discharge.

Abstract: A simple, but experimentally attainable model is used to derive the current-potential equation for anodic stripping from thin mercury-film electrodes under conditions of *a linear potential scan. The magnitude of the

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Investigation on the Emission Characteristics of Copper Atomic and Ionic Lines in Reduced-pressure Argon Spark Discharge Plasma Based on Time-resolved Measurement

Investigation on the Emission Characteristics of Copper Atomic and Ionic Lines in Reduced-pressure Argon Spark Discharge Plasma Based on Time-resolved Measurement

On the plasma and electrode erosion processes in spark discharge nanoparticle generators

A Synergic Approach to Graduate Research in Spectroscopy and Spectrochemical Analysis

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