Emission and electrode erosion properties of a positionally stable spark discharge train

Characteristics of aerosols produced by the spark discharge

“…Emission characteristics and electrode erosion phenomena for a long train of spark discharges were reported by Ekimoff and Walters (17). They have shown conclusive evidence that marked changes occur in the physical appearance of electrode surfaces during the first 20-30 s of spark sampling.…”

Surface features and energy considerations related to the erosion processes of Cu and Ni electrodes in a spark discharge nanoparticle generator

“…The changes of the electrode surface morphology after prolonged sparking in an SDG was only recently examined by the present authors, and the formation of self-ordered patterns was reported on various electrode materials (Wagner, Kohut, Geretovszky, Seipenbusch, & Galbacs, 2016). Contrary to the limited experimental data on the electrode erosion (especially dealing with the morphological changes of the surface) in an SDG, extensive research was conducted on the electrode erosion in related areas such as cathodic arc discharges (Anders, 2009), microelectric discharge machining (Feng, Wong et al, 2016) or spectroanalytical spark discharges (Brewer & Walters, 1969;Ekimoff & Walters, 1981). A comprehensive overview on the formation of surface patterns in case of various types of discharges, such as DC glow, arc, gliding arc or barrier discharges is given in a recently published cluster issue (Benilov & Kogelschatz, 2014).…”

Approaching the limit in atomic spectrochemical analysis

“…A great deal of effort has been expended over the last two decades in understanding atom-formation processes in sources used for atomic spectrometry. Particularly noteworthy are the work of Walters (15,16) on the high-voltage spark and those of L'Vov (17) on the carbon furnace atomizer. Because of major differences in the construction, design, and utilization of specific atomization devices, investigations tailored to understand each one are quite different and the findings difficult to discuss in a brief summary.…”