Abstract:The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) – Hope Probe – was developed to understand Mars atmospheric circulation, dynamics, and processes through characterization of the Mars atmosphere layers and its interconnections enabled by a unique high-altitude (19,970 km periapse and 42,650 km apoapse) low inclination orbit that will offer an unprecedented local and seasonal time coverage over most of the planet. EMM has three scientific objectives to (A) characterize the state of the Martian lower atmosphere on global scales a… Show more
“…These objectives, addressing the lower atmosphere, connections between the lower and upper atmosphere, and the upper atmosphere, guide the science investigations that EMM will complete, as well as requirements on the instruments and mission. Each objective is presented briefly below, and discussed more thoroughly in the companion paper by Almatroushi et al (2021).…”
Section: Science Objectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 Mapping of the analyses for the EMM science objectives to the required EMM data, and other data, tools, and physical models maps the data, tools, and physical models required for each analysis. A detailed description of EMM science analysis plans designed to satisfy (close) the mission's science objectives can be found in the companion paper by Almatroushi et al (2021).…”
The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) was launched to Mars in the summer of 2020, and is the first interplanetary spacecraft mission undertaken by the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The mission has multiple programmatic and scientific objectives, including the return of scientifically useful information about Mars. Three science instruments on the mission’s Hope Probe will make global remote sensing measurements of the Martian atmosphere from a large low-inclination orbit that will advance our understanding of atmospheric variability on daily and seasonal timescales, as well as vertical atmospheric transport and escape. The mission was conceived and developed rapidly starting in 2014, and had aggressive schedule and cost constraints that drove the design and implementation of a new spacecraft bus. A team of Emirati and American engineers worked across two continents to complete a fully functional and tested spacecraft and bring it to the launchpad in the middle of a global pandemic. EMM is being operated from the UAE and the United States (U.S.), and will make its data freely available.
“…These objectives, addressing the lower atmosphere, connections between the lower and upper atmosphere, and the upper atmosphere, guide the science investigations that EMM will complete, as well as requirements on the instruments and mission. Each objective is presented briefly below, and discussed more thoroughly in the companion paper by Almatroushi et al (2021).…”
Section: Science Objectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 Mapping of the analyses for the EMM science objectives to the required EMM data, and other data, tools, and physical models maps the data, tools, and physical models required for each analysis. A detailed description of EMM science analysis plans designed to satisfy (close) the mission's science objectives can be found in the companion paper by Almatroushi et al (2021).…”
The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) was launched to Mars in the summer of 2020, and is the first interplanetary spacecraft mission undertaken by the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The mission has multiple programmatic and scientific objectives, including the return of scientifically useful information about Mars. Three science instruments on the mission’s Hope Probe will make global remote sensing measurements of the Martian atmosphere from a large low-inclination orbit that will advance our understanding of atmospheric variability on daily and seasonal timescales, as well as vertical atmospheric transport and escape. The mission was conceived and developed rapidly starting in 2014, and had aggressive schedule and cost constraints that drove the design and implementation of a new spacecraft bus. A team of Emirati and American engineers worked across two continents to complete a fully functional and tested spacecraft and bring it to the launchpad in the middle of a global pandemic. EMM is being operated from the UAE and the United States (U.S.), and will make its data freely available.
“…The Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) is a far‐ultraviolet spectrograph designed for remote sensing of the upper atmosphere and corona (Holsclaw et al., 2021) as a part of the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) (Almatroushi et al., 2021; Amiri et al., 2022). A key design requirement of this instrument was sensitivity to H Lyman beta in order to improve understanding of the optically thick H corona.…”
Section: Emm/emus Insertion Orbit Limb Scan Design and Data Analysismentioning
Water is lost from the Mars upper atmosphere to space as hydrogen and oxygen, both of which can be observed in scattered ultraviolet sunlight at 102.6 nm. We present Emirates Mars Mission Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMM/EMUS) insertion orbit observations of this airglow, resolving the independent altitude contributions of H and O for the first time. We present the first airglow modeling of the complete H and O 102.6 nm system and the first 3D azimuthally symmetric modeling of the O emission, retrieving temperatures and densities typical of northern spring. Our model reproduces the emission well above 200 km, but does not incorporate partial frequency redistribution needed to reproduce the observed O brightness at lower altitudes and on the disk. These results support future EMM/EMUS science orbit retrievals of H loss and the use of 102.6 nm observations to constrain planetary atmospheres across the solar system.
“…Emirates Mars Mission (EMM), the first interplanetary mission developed by the United Arab Emirates Mission, launched to Space on 20 July 2020, achieved a successful Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI) on 9 February 2021 and commenced its science phase on 23 May 2021. EMM is designed to explore the dynamics of the Martian atmospheric layers on a global scale, simultaneously sampling diurnal, and seasonal timescales (Almatroushi et al., 2021; Amiri et al., 2022). On board the EMM's spacecraft “Hope Probe” are three scientific instruments designed to study these different layers: (a) Emirates eXploration Image (EXI) (Jones et al., 2021) (b) Emirates Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) (Edwards et al., 2021) and (c) Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) (Holsclaw et al., 2021).…”
EMM is designed to explore the dynamics of the Martian atmospheric layers on a global scale, simultaneously sampling diurnal, and seasonal timescales (Almatroushi et al., 2021;Amiri et al., 2022). On board the EMM's spacecraft "Hope Probe" are three scientific instruments designed to study these different layers: (a) Emirates eXploration Image (EXI) (Jones et al., 2021) (b) Emirates Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) (Edwards et al., 2021) and (c) Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) (Holsclaw et al., 2021). EMUS is a far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer designed to investigate the abundance and spatial variability of key neutral species in the thermosphere (100-200 km) and in the exosphere (≥200 km). The EMUS wavelength range is from 100 to 170 nm, detecting key emissions in the upper atmosphere of Mars such as oxygen (135.6 nm, 130.4 nm), hydrogen (Lyman-β: 102.6 nm, Lyman-α: 121.6 nm), carbon monoxide Fourth Positive Group band system (140-170 nm) and argon (104.8 nm, 106.6 nm) (Holsclaw et al., 2021).
Motivation to Study Argon on MarsArgon is a photochemically inert gas with molecular weight of 40 g/mol, close to carbon dioxide's (CO 2 ) 44 g/ mol, but does not condense at the temperatures found in the Martian atmosphere. This causes an apparent accumulation of Ar at the winter poles as CO 2 condenses near the surface, and this compositional change propagates to the upper atmosphere, making Ar/CO 2 mixing ratios a useful indicator of vertical transport in the atmosphere of Mars. Understanding the distribution of Ar has been of interest to scientists for some time, as it is a good
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