Emily Epstein Landau. Spectacular Wickedness: Sex, Race, and Memory in Storyville, New Orleans.

Spear, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1093/ahr/119.2.519

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Brevibacillus was among the taxa in the trachea most negatively correlated with performance. A species of Brevibacillus is commonly used as a feed additive in poultry because it is pathogenic toward house flies (39). While these could be entirely different bacterial species, it is worth noting that we should consider not only known pathogens, but also bacteria that have not been traditionally considered pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Consistent and Predictable Commercial Broiler Chicken Bacterial Microbiota in Antibiotic-Free Production Displays Strong Correlations with Performance

Johnson

Youmans

Noll

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

192

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Defining the baseline bacterial microbiome is critical to understanding its relationship with health and disease. In broiler chickens, the core microbiome and its possible relationships with health and disease have been difficult to define, due to high variability between birds and flocks. Presented here are data from a large, comprehensive microbiota-based study in commercial broilers. The primary goals of this study included understanding what constitutes the core bacterial microbiota in the broiler gastrointestinal, respiratory, and barn environments; how these core players change across age, geography, and time; and which bacterial taxa correlate with enhanced bird performance in antibiotic-free flocks. Using 2,309 samples from 37 different commercial flocks within a vertically integrated broiler system and metadata from these and an additional 512 flocks within that system, the baseline bacterial microbiota was defined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The effects of age, sample type, flock, and successive flock cycles were compared, and results indicate a consistent, predictable, age-dependent bacterial microbiota, irrespective of flock. The tracheal bacterial microbiota of broilers was comprehensively defined, and was the dominant bacterial taxon in the trachea. Numerous bacterial taxa were identified, which were strongly correlated with broiler chicken performance across multiple tissues. While many positively correlated taxa were identified, negatively associated potential pathogens were also identified in the absence of clinical disease, indicating that subclinical dynamics occur that impact performance. Overall, this work provides necessary baseline data for the development of effective antibiotic alternatives, such as probiotics, for sustainable poultry production. Multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens are perhaps the greatest medical challenge we will face in the 21st century and beyond. Antibiotics are necessary in animal production to treat disease. As such, animal production is a contributor to the problem of antibiotic resistance. Efforts are underway to reduce antibiotic use in animal production. However, we are also challenged to feed the world's increasing population, and sustainable meat production is paramount to providing a safe and quality protein source for human consumption. In the absence of antibiotics, alternative approaches are needed to maintain health and prevent disease, and probiotics have great promise as one such approach. This work paves the way for the development of alternative approaches to raising poultry by increasing our understandings of what defines the poultry microbiome and of how it can potentially be modulated to improve animal health and performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Consistent and Predictable Commercial Broiler Chicken Bacterial Microbiota in Antibiotic-Free Production Displays Strong Correlations with Performance

Johnson

Youmans

Noll

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…25 Nonetheless, we both contend that indigenous and African-descent people employed the colonial judicial system for their own distinctive benefit, similar to other historians. 26 In recovering the agency of Africans and their descendants within the impositions of colonial racial hierarchies, historians (such as myself) create an understanding of Africans and their descendants as agents who successfully or unsuccessfully manipulated systems that were not their own.…”

Section: Social Hierarchies and Racial Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

As Historical Subjects: The African Diaspora in Colonial Latin American History

O'Toole

2013

History Compass

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This article celebrates and explores the current historiography on colonial Afro‐Latin Americans in the Spanish Americas to illuminate how scholars can continue to develop their methodological approaches to recuperating enslaved and free agency. Drawing on Michel‐Rolph Trouillot's distinction between historical actors and purposeful subjects, the essay suggests that even within slavery, men and women of African descent were able to contest slaveholding, develop their own standards within racial hierarchies, claim subject positions as Catholics, and lay claim to freedom. By asking questions regarding African‐descent defined objectives, scholars have begun to allow Africans and their descendants to articulate interior selves.

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Emily Epstein Landau. Spectacular Wickedness: Sex, Race, and Memory in Storyville, New Orleans.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

A Consistent and Predictable Commercial Broiler Chicken Bacterial Microbiota in Antibiotic-Free Production Displays Strong Correlations with Performance

A Consistent and Predictable Commercial Broiler Chicken Bacterial Microbiota in Antibiotic-Free Production Displays Strong Correlations with Performance

As Historical Subjects: The African Diaspora in Colonial Latin American History

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