EMI Shielding and Absorption of Electroconductive Textiles with PANI and PPy Conductive Polymers and Numerical Model Approach

Abstract

The paper presents the results and analysis of interdisciplinary research concerning electromagnetic field shielding, conductive polymers printed on textiles and numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). The use of conductive, layered textiles for shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI) has been proposed. After establishing the optimal conditions for deposition of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabric, conductive composites were made by means of reactive inkjet printing. For this purpose, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics were coated with polyaniline or polypyrrole, obtained by chemical oxidation of aniline hydrochloride and pyrrole by ammonium peroxydisulfate. The morphology of the obtained coatings was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conductive properties (surface resistance) of the fabrics were measured using the four-wire method, and the tests of the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding were carried out using the waveguide method in the frequency range from 2.5 to 18 GHz. The results of experimental shielding effectiveness (SE) tests and numerical simulation showed that the composites of polyacrylonitrile with polyaniline PAN/PANI and polyacrylonitrile with polypyrrole PAN/PPy achieved very good and good EMI shielding efficiency, respectively. Moreover, the obtained measurement results were verified by numerical modeling with the use of FEM–ANSYS HFFS software.

Effect of carbon allotropes and thickness variation on the EMI shielding properties of PANI/NFO@CNTs and PANI/NFO@RGO ternary composite systems

“…The XRD patterns of PNRGO(10 : 1) and PNRGO(20 : 1) exhibit diffraction peaks of PANI at 131, 21.31 and 25.51, 47 while the diffraction peak of RGO is observed at around 261 corresponding to the (002) plane of RGO, which confirms the successful reduction of GO. 48 Furthermore, the diffraction peaks of NFO nanoparticles also appeared at 30 FTIR bands at 697 cm À1 and 758 cm À1 , which could be ascribed to the characteristic bands of the C-H bond of the CNTs. 49 The FTIR band at 1230 cm À1 is also associated with the C-O bond indicating the presence of the internal defects in the CNTs, 50 whereas the band at 1630 cm À1 is the characteristic mode of the CQC bonds of the CNTs.…”

“…[27][28][29] There are oxidized as well as reduced segments in the polyaniline chain. 30 When protonic acid dopants are administered to PANI, it leads to the oxidized state (emeraldine) and the electrical conductivity improves from 0.45 to 10.2 S cm À1 . 31 Furthermore, PANI has a remarkable EMI shielding performance that is mostly based on an absorption mechanism rather than a reflection process.…”

Evolution of Surface Engineering in the Development of Textile-Based EMI Shields─A Review

“…In a subsequent work, they had also compared the experimental values with FEM-ANSYS simulations. 66 Ghosh et al 67 developed flexible and durable conductive coatings with superior electrical conductivity produced by 3D tuned PEG−PEDOT:PSS by a facile dip-coating process. PEG (polyethylene glycol) was used to facilitate adhesion between the PEDOT:PSS and the fabric.…”

“…They achieved an EMI SE of −25 dB and −9.3 dB for PAni and PPy coated fabrics, respectively, upon printing multiple layers. In a subsequent work, they had also compared the experimental values with FEM-ANSYS simulations …”

Water-Borne Carbonaceous Coatings on Conducting Polymer-Modified Cotton Fabrics To Attenuate Electromagnetic Radiation

“…Several polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole, PEDOT:PSS, etc., were prepared by in situ polymerization on different textiles for EMI shielding. The literature shows extensive variation in the stoichiometry of reactants, substrate effects, dopant effects, etc., on EMI shielding properties. , The field slowly evolved by deploying lossy fillers like BaTiO 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , Co–Ni, etc., to enhance the absorption. However, most of the studies reported in the literature show EMI shielding behavior only in the lower frequency ranges. − Such data are not relevant to the currently existing technologies (like 4G and 5G) which operate at much higher frequencies.…”