“…A conventional approach to recommendation is a ranking scheme that returns top-k relevant target items for a given query or a user profile. As such, recommending tags (e.g., hashtags and labeled tags), which is the main focus of this paper, has been treated as a ranking problem (Weston et al, 2014;Gong and Zhang, 2016;Wu et al, 2018a;Wang et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2020a;Kaviani and Rahmani, 2020). These approaches, however, neglect inter-dependency among the tags (see Figure 1)in a way conventional information retrieval techniques do for ranking.…”