EMG activity in neck and masticatory muscles in relation to extension and flexion of the head

Cephalometric Analysis in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea¶Part I: Diagnostic Value

“…Mit der verän-derten habituellen Kopfhaltung werden die Lage und die Spannung der supra-und infrahyoidalen Muskulatur verän-dert; relativ zum Unterkiefer gelangt das Hyoid in eine kaudoventrale Lage [9]. Die höhere Vorspannung der Muskulatur, die in elektromyographischen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden konnte [7], führt zu einer Stabilisierung des Hyoids und bewahrt den pharyngealen Luftraum vor einem nächtlichen Kollabieren. Grenzwertig stand ein verkleinerter Ramus ascendens mit dem Schweregrad der OSA in Beziehung.…”

“…With this altered habitual head posture, the position and the tone of the supra-and infrahyoid muscles are changed; the hyoid adopts a downward and forward position relative to the mandible [9]. The increased initial tension in the musculature, noted in electromyographic investigations [7], might stabilize the hyoid and prevent nocturnal collapse of the pharyngeal airway. A shortening of the mandibular ramus appeared to be a borderline factor.…”

Cephalometric Analysis in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

“…In addition to the spatial opening of the pharyngeal airway and the expanded space for the tongue, the myostatic reflex activity of the masticatory muscles is stimulated and the soft tissues are stretched. The hyoid and the pharyngeal tissue are stabilized, preventing nocturnal collapse [5,8,15]. These changes are obviously more significant when the hyoid is in a downward and forward position.…”

Estudo da postura corporal em portadores de disfonia

“…Isso leva ao desequilíbrio da cabeça na coluna vertebral, necessitando de funções musculares compensatórias como os descritos por Forsberg et al (1985).…”