Emesis in dogs: a review

Abstract

Emesis is a common presenting sign in small animal practice. It requires a rational approach to management that is based upon a sound understanding of pathophysiology combined with logical decision making. This review, which assesses the weight of available evidence, outlines the physiology of the vomiting reflex, causes of emesis, the consequences of emesis and the approach to clinical management of the vomiting dog. The applicability of diagnostic testing modalities and the merit of traditional approaches to management, such as dietary changes, are discussed. The role and usefulness of both traditional and novel anti‐emetic drugs is examined, including in specific circumstances such as following cytotoxic drug treatment. The review also examines areas in which common clinical practice is not necessarily supported by objective evidence and, as such, highlights questions worthy of further clinical research.

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

“…Most cases of gastrointestinal disorders in canine medicine are acute, nonfatal and self-limiting, and they require only symptomatic support, while hemorrhagic diarrhoea and gastrointestinal foreign bodies are two disorders known to increase risk of systemic affection requiring more detailed investigations and more comprehensive therapy [9,11]. The objective of the last part of the study was, therefore, to explore whether SAA could possibly be useful in the differentiation of these two groups of patients based on the hypothesis that higher proportions of SAA positive dogs will be observed among dogs with complicated (hemorrhagic diarrhoea or a gastrointestinal foreign body) compared to dogs with self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms.…”

Infarto agudo do miocárdio e injeção intramiocárdica experimental em cães: estudos clínico, enzimático, eletrocardiográfico e ecocardiográfico

“…Acredita-se que a sialorreia apresentada pelos animais (n=6) seja devido a náuseas, mesmo que nenhum animal tenha apresentado vômito. Sabe-se que a sialorreia é um sinal de desconforto gástrico/entérico, podendo ser um equivalente aos sintomas dispépticos observados em humanos (Elwood et al, 2010). A hiporexia (n=3) apresentada após a indução do IAM pode ser devido à dor ou à dispepsia e ela cessou em 72 horas.…”

Subchronic oral toxicity of herbal formula PM012 in Beagle dogs

“…The vomiting, which was observed only in the male group, might not be an effect of PM012 because it is known that the vomiting center is well developed in dogs and vomiting can be induced by slight gastrointestinal stimuli 17 . Leaving feed, which was sporadically observed in female groups, showed no dose-dependency and is frequently in dogs.…”