Emergy account for biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China

Emergy evaluations for constructed wetland and conventional wastewater treatments

“…Through multiplying the inputs and outputs by certain transformities, the emergy amount of each resource, service and corresponding product can be calculated. With the same accounting unit, the environment cost and benefit can be clearly analyzed through a series of emergy-based ratios and indices, which are used for better evaluation of the concerned system and indication of various performances of the system in terms of ecological efficiency and sustainability [5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Sustainability assessment of a giant bamboo plantation in Brazil: exploring the influence of labour, time and space

“…No works related to bamboo emergy evaluation were found in literature in order to compare transformity values. The value calculated here has the same order of magnitude of the transformity (3.2E þ 04 sej/J) of a rainforest log [3] which was already used for bamboo plantation in Jiang et al [22].…”

Ecological and economic dynamics of the Shunde agricultural system under China's small city development strategy

“…They interpreted the dynamic changes in these indices as evidence of a profound transition in the Chinese agricultural system from a largely self-sufficient traditional farming system to a modern system dependent on the use of nonrenewable fuel and mineral inputs. Jiang et al (2007) updated the study of Chen et al (2006) with 2004 data to show national trends in the emergy indices since 2000. Neither Chen et al (2006) or Jiang et al (2007) accounted for the emergy of labor as a requirement for production.…”

“…Following an initial emergy study of agriculture in China using data from 1988 (Lan et al, 1998), Chen et al (2006) and Jiang et al (2007) evaluated the Chinese agricultural system. Chen et al (2006) examined the temporal variation of emergy indices for the agricultural sector during the 1978 to 2000 period and found that the Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) increased while the Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR) decreased over this time causing a decrease in the Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI ¼ EYR/ELR).…”