Emerging trends in the epidemiology of human astrovirus infection among infants, children and adults hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in Kolkata, India

Pativada, Madhusudhan; Nataraju, Seegekote Mariyappa; Ganesh, Balasubramanian; Rajendran, K.; Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan; Ganguly, Subha; Bhattacharya, Mihir; Ghosh, Manosij; Kobayashi, Nobumichi; Krishnan, Triveni

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.018

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The finding of the study defines that pediatric diarrhea in India is associated with multiple viral infections with highest prevalence of rotavirus (25%) followed by astrovirus (10%), norovirus (7%) and cosavirus (3%). This study reports higher co-infection rate (21%) than the previous study from North India 23 and comparable to other parts of India such as Kolkata (Southern India) and Mumbai (Western India) 1,24 .…”

Section: Table 3: Comparison Of Quantitative Clinical Parameters Betwsupporting

confidence: 68%

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2016

IJPSR

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Viral gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of childhood mortality in India. About 30 to 50 % gastroenteritis caused by unknown etiological agents. This study was aimed to identify unknown RNA viral etiology and their clinical manifestation with pediatric acute gastroenteritis, conducted at tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh, North India from July 2012 to December 2013. A total of 234 patients with their clinical profiling were enrolled in this study. Identification of viruses was performed by serological (ELISA for rotavirus) and molecular methods (PCR for astrovirus, norovirus and cosavirus). Quantitative and qualitative data analysis performed by Chi-square and student t-test. Total subjects positive for infection was 35%.Co-infection present in 21% cases. Rotavirus, astrovirus, norovirus and cosavirus were detected in 25%, 10%, 7% and 3% subjects respectively. Other than diarrhea, vomiting was a significant symptom (p=0.0002). Severity of diarrhea was more than vomiting with 5.5±2.7 vs. 3.3±2.6 episodes in 24 hrs. Mean duration of symptoms 3.7±9.1. Eighty percent virus positivity were below the age of 6 years (39.2 ±34.6, median=34 months) and 65% males were positive. This study defines the viral etiology and their clinical association with gastroenteritis. This is the first report of prevalence and co-infection of cosavirus in this region. The outcome of the study provides a baseline data which can be used to design and develop the preventive strategies against unknown etiologies like cosavirus.

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Section: Table 3: Comparison Of Quantitative Clinical Parameters Betwsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…burden of pediatric diarrheal cases specially in developing countries, but some other viruses like adenovirus, norovirus and astrovirus are also defined as causative agents in diarrhea [2][3][4][5] . Rotavirus infections range in presentation from asymptomatic mild infections to severe and sometimes fatal disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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2016

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“…Nevertheless, gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with astroviruses were also reported among students and teachers and from adult military recruits. In Kolkata there were more adult astrovirus positives than infants among the hospitalized cases of acute gastroenteritis [25,29,30]. In the course of this study, twelve recombinant-like astroviruses with three different inter-genotype combinations were detected among hospitalized infants, children and adults in Kolkata, India.…”

Section: Astrovirus Detection In Various Settingsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Novel human astroviruses: challenges for developing countries

Krishnan

2014

VirusDis.

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Astroviruses have been gaining widespread importance over the past few decades owing to their detection through advanced molecular techniques. The association of astrovirus-associated enteric infections have been reported from various settings among different age groups. The tremendous efforts of scientists from different countries to detect and characterize these star-like viruses in the course of surveillance has shown the emergence of novel astroviruses from varied host species, necessitating changes in the classification to update their taxonomy. The public health importance of these viruses implies new control measures are essential to reduce disease burden in developing countries.

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“…These viruses commonly infect young children, often without signs of clinical disease (67)(68)(69)(70)(71). Coinfections involving RV and other enteric viral or bacterial pathogens have been frequently reported, and there have been a few studies suggesting that coinfections with certain pathogens can alter GI disease severity (63,(72)(73)(74)(75)(76). However, little information is available concerning whether coinfection of young children, and particularly neonates, with RV and Aichi virus, astrovirus, or salivirus/klassevirus has an impact on disease symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. The presence of Aichi virus, salivirus/klassevirus, or astrovirus in stool samples may be of importance in defining factors affecting symptoms among the neonates, as surveillance studies have indicated that these viruses can lead to pediatric gastroenteritis (60)(61)(62)(63)(64). However, based on evaluation of the data presented in Table 2 (Fig.…”

Section: G10p[11]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Genetic Differences among G10P[11] Rotaviruses Associated with Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Neonatal Infections in Vellore, India

Libonati

Dennis

Ramani

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Rotaviruses (RVs) are leading causes of severe diarrhea and vomiting in infants and young children. RVs with G10P[11] genotype specificity have been associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic neonatal infections in Vellore, India. To identify possible viral genetic determinants responsible for differences in symptomology, the genome sequences of G10P[11] RVs in stool samples of 19 neonates with symptomatic infections and 20 neonates with asymptomatic infections were determined by Sanger and next-generation sequencing. The data showed that all 39 viruses had identical genotype constellations (G10-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A1-N1-T1-E2-H3), the same as those of the previously characterized symptomatic N155 Vellore isolate. The data also showed that the RNA and deduced protein sequences of all the Vellore G10P[11] viruses were nearly identical; no nucleotide or amino acid differences were found that correlated with symptomatic versus asymptomatic infection. Next-generation sequencing data revealed that some stool samples, both from neonates with symptomatic infections and from neonates with asymptomatic infections, also contained one or more positive-strand RNA viruses (Aichi virus, astrovirus, or salivirus/klassevirus) suspected of being potential causes of pediatric gastroenteritis. However, none of the positive-strand RNA viruses could be causally associated with the development of symptoms. These results indicate that the diversity of clinical symptoms in Vellore neonates does not result from genetic differences among G10P[11] RVs; instead, other undefined factors appear to influence whether neonates develop gastrointestinal disease symptoms. IMPORTANCERotavirus (RV) strains have been identified that preferentially replicate in neonates, in some cases, without causing gastrointestinal disease. Surveillance studies have established that G10P[11] RVs are a major cause of neonatal infection in Vellore, India, with half of infected neonates exhibiting symptoms. We used Sanger and next-generation sequencing technologies to contrast G10P[11] RVs recovered from symptomatic and asymptomatic neonates. Remarkably, the data showed that the RNA genomes of the viruses were virtually indistinguishable and lacked any differences that could explain the diversity of clinical outcomes among infected Vellore neonates. The sequencing results also indicated that some symptomatic and some asymptomatic Vellore neonates were infected with other enteric viruses (Aichi virus, astrovirus, salvirus/klassevirus); however, none could be correlated with the presence of symptoms in neonates. Together, our findings suggest that other poorly defined factors, not connected to the genetic makeup of the Vellore G10P[11] viruses, influence whether neonates develop gastrointestinal disease symptoms.

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Emerging trends in the epidemiology of human astrovirus infection among infants, children and adults hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in Kolkata, India

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Untitled

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Novel human astroviruses: challenges for developing countries

Absence of Genetic Differences among G10P[11] Rotaviruses Associated with Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Neonatal Infections in Vellore, India

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