Emerging treatment options for cryptosporidiosis

Love, Melissa S.; Choy, Robert K. M.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000761

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently, we found that KDU731 is a lead chemical, and has been shown to exhibit substantial in-vitro activity against C. parvum and C. hominis (Love and Choy 2021 ). It is also effective against mouse and calf models of cryptosporidiosis, along with rat toxicity investigation (Manjunatha et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Anti-parasitic Drugs Repurposingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Cryptosporidium biology and therapeutic avenues

et al. 2022

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Cryptosporidium species has been identified as an important pediatric diarrheal pathogen in resource-limited countries, particularly in very young children (0–24 months). However, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) has limited efficacy and can only be prescribed in a medical setting to children older than one year. Many drug development projects have started to investigate new therapeutic avenues. Cryptosporidium ’s unique biology is challenging for the traditional drug discovery pipeline and requires novel drug screening approaches. Notably, in recent years, new methods of oocyst generation, in vitro processing, and continuous three-dimensional cultivation capacities have been developed. This has enabled more physiologically pertinent research assays for inhibitor discovery. In a short time, many great strides have been made in the development of anti- Cryptosporidium drugs. These are expected to eventually turn into clinical candidates for cryptosporidiosis treatment in the future. This review describes the latest development in Cryptosporidium biology, genomics, transcriptomics of the parasite, assay development, and new drug discovery.

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Section: Anti-parasitic Drugs Repurposingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Cryptosporidium biology and therapeutic avenues

et al. 2022

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“…It is estimated that Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for approximately 7.6 million cases and between 48,000 and 202,000 annual deaths among young children in low‐resource environments (Haghi et al., 2020 ; Love & Choy, 2021 ; O'Leary et al., 2021 ). Cryptosporidium has the potential to cause water‐borne epidemics and widespread outbreaks in developing and developed countries (Gururajan et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for approximately 7.6 million cases and between 48,000 and 202,000 annual deaths among young children in low-resource environments (Haghi et al, 2020;Love & Choy, 2021;O'Leary et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evaluation of Cryptosporidium spp. among breeding calves of Lorestan province Western Iran

Talebi

Mamaghani

Kheirandish

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Cryptosporidium spp. are opportunistic intestinal protozoans with global distribution and are of great importance as zoonotic protozoans are common to humans and domestic animals, including cattle and calves. Identification and detection of parasite species using precise methods including molecular methods can be an effective step in treating and controlling parasites. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium among breeding calves of Khorramabad city, Lorestan province, Western Iran, using PCR. Methods The faecal samples were taken from 181 healthy and diarrhoeal calves and after the Ziehl Neelsen Acid‐fast staining and microscopic evaluation, the genomic DNA was extracted for molecular evaluations. To detect Cryptosporidium species, specific primers targeting the SAM‐1 gene of Cryptosporidium and a commercial master mix were used for PCR. Results Out of 181 faecal samples of breeding calves in Khorramabad city, 9 samples (5%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. using the PCR method. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant statistical relationship between Cryptosporidium infection of the calves and variables of age, breed, type of water consumption, clinical signs of diarrhoea, and sampling location, while parasite infection had a significant relationship with calf gender so that all Cryptosporidium positive samples were from male calves ( p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Considering the presence of Cryptosporidium infection, the region's traditional grazing system, and the close relationship between livestock and humans, there is a possibility of human infection in the region. So preventive measures such as periodic animal testing with sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques including PCR, pharmacological treatment of livestock, water hygiene and the use of industrial grazing instead of traditional grazing to improve the hygiene of food consumed by livestock are recommended.

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“…However, the effect on parasite growth was variable and did not correlate well with enzyme inhibition ( Kuhlenschmidt et al., 2016 ), conversely as demonstrated by Toxoplasma gondii . It also has shown issue challenges related to cardiovascular toxicity, teratogenicity, and varying efficacy ( Choi et al., 2020 ; Love and Choy, 2021 ). Another series of BKI compounds have been developed which inhibit CDPK.…”

Section: Recent Approaches To Drug Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mucosa-Associated Protozoa: Challenges in Chemotherapy and Future Perspectives

Santos

Rebello

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Parasitic infections caused by protozoans that infect the mucosal surfaces are widely neglected worldwide. Collectively, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis infect more than a billion people in the world, being a public health problem mainly in developing countries. However, the exact incidence and prevalence data depend on the population examined. These parasites ultimately cause pathologies that culminate in liver abscesses, malabsorption syndrome, vaginitis, and urethritis, respectively. Despite this, the antimicrobial agents currently used to treat these diseases are limited and often associated with adverse side effects and refractory cases due to the development of resistant parasites. The paucity of drug treatments, absence of vaccines and increasing problems of drug resistance are major concerns for their control and eradication. Herein, potential candidates are reviewed with the overall aim of determining the knowledge gaps and suggest future perspectives for research. This review focuses on this public health problem and focuses on the progress of drug repositioning as a potential strategy for the treatment of mucosal parasites.

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Emerging treatment options for cryptosporidiosis

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

An update on Cryptosporidium biology and therapeutic avenues

An update on Cryptosporidium biology and therapeutic avenues

Molecular evaluation of Cryptosporidium spp. among breeding calves of Lorestan province Western Iran

An Overview of Mucosa-Associated Protozoa: Challenges in Chemotherapy and Future Perspectives

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