Emerging Therapies for Intestinal Failure

Tappenden, Kelly A.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.102

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is significant as diarrhea is a recognized complication in critically ill patients. Additionally, patients with short bowel syndrome often experience significant loss of water and sodium due to the lack of absorption; butyrate supplementation can improve this absorption and reduce the requirement for intravenous electrolyte replacement ( Tappenden, 2010 ). Dysbiosis, a primary cause of diarrhea, is caused by an antibiotic disturbance of the gut microbiota that suppresses their fermentation and production of butyrate ( Whelan and Schneider, 2011 ).…”

Section: Butyrate In the Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of butyrate and its derivatives for gut health and animal production

2018

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Butyrate is produced by microbial fermentation in the large intestine of humans and animals. It serves as not only a primary nutrient that provides energy to colonocytes, but also a cellular mediator regulating multiple functions of gut cells and beyond, including gene expression, cell differentiation, gut tissue development, immune modulation, oxidative stress reduction, and diarrhea control. Although there are a large number of studies in human medicine using butyrate to treat intestinal disease, the importance of butyrate in maintaining gut health has also attracted significant research attention to its application for animal production, particularly as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. Due to the difficulties of using butyrate in practice (i.e., offensive odor and absorption in the upper gut), different forms of butyrate, such as sodium butyrate and butyrate glycerides, have been developed and examined for their effects on gut health and growth performance across different species. Butyrate and its derivatives generally demonstrate positive effects on animal production, including enhancement of gut development, control of enteric pathogens, reduction of inflammation, improvement of growth performance (including carcass composition), and modulation of gut microbiota. These benefits are more evident in young animals, and variations in the results have been reported. The present article has critically reviewed recent findings in animal research on butyrate and its derivatives in regard to their effects and mechanisms behind and discussed the implications of these findings for improving animal gut health and production. In addition, significant findings of medical research in humans that are relevant to animal production have been cited.

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Section: Butyrate In the Human Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of butyrate and its derivatives for gut health and animal production

2018

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“… 130 , 131 Specifically, butyrate appears to be the main SCFA responsible for the increased structural and functional changes seen in early intestinal adaptation processes, likely by modulating gene expression and transport activities. 132 , 133 Although the effect of dietary fibers or SCFAs on intestinal adaptation appears promising in animal studies, it has not been clearly defined in human beings. 134 , 135 …”

Section: Modulation Of Host Intestinal Adaptation By Microbiota and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Gut Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Adaptation

Marchix

Goddard

Helmrath

2018

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Short-bowel syndrome represents the most common cause of intestinal failure and occurs when the remaining intestine cannot support fluid and nutrient needs to sustain adequate physiology and development without the use of supplemental parenteral nutrition. After intestinal loss or damage, the remnant bowel undergoes multifactorial compensatory processes, termed adaptation, which are largely driven by intraluminal nutrient exposure. Previous studies have provided insight into the biological processes and mediators after resection, however, there still remains a gap in the knowledge of more comprehensive mechanisms that drive the adaptive responses in these patients. Recent data support the microbiota as a key mediator of gut homeostasis and a potential driver of metabolism and immunomodulation after intestinal loss. In this review, we summarize the emerging ideas related to host-microbiota interactions in the intestinal adaptation processes.

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“…In neonatal piglets, supplementation of PN with butyrate acutely increased the structural aspects of intestinal adaptation after an 80% jejunoileal resection (Bartholome et al 2004). Butyrate is not available in the current PN formulations; however, the addition of short-chain fructooligosaccharides to EN has been shown to enhance the structure and function of the remnant bowel by fostering the production of butyrate in a piglet model (Barnes et al 2012) thought to be suitable for investigating new management strategies in humans (Tappenden 2010).…”

Section: Chos and Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short bowel syndrome in infants: the critical role of luminal nutrients in a management program

Roy

Groleau

Bouthillier

et al. 2014

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Short bowel syndrome develops when the remnant mass of functioning enterocytes following massive resections cannot support growth or maintain fluid-electrolyte balance and requires parenteral nutrition. Resection itself stimulates the intestine's inherent ability to adapt morphologically and functionally. The capacity to change is very much related to the high turnover rate of enterocytes and is mediated by several signals; these signals are mediated in large part by enteral nutrition. Early initiation of enteral feeding, close clinical monitoring, and ongoing assessment of intestinal adaptation are key to the prevention of irreversible intestinal failure. The length of the functional small bowel remnant is the most important variable affecting outcome. The major objective of intestinal rehabilitation programs is to achieve early oral nutritional autonomy while maintaining normal growth and nutrition status and minimizing total parenteral nutrition related comorbidities such as chronic progressive liver disease. Remarkable progress has been made in terms of survivability and quality of life, especially in the context of coordinated multidisciplinary programs, but much work remains to be done.

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Emerging Therapies for Intestinal Failure

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Implications of butyrate and its derivatives for gut health and animal production

Implications of butyrate and its derivatives for gut health and animal production

Host-Gut Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Adaptation

Short bowel syndrome in infants: the critical role of luminal nutrients in a management program

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