Emerging Therapeutic Ultrasound

Vogt, Luca

doi:10.1142/9789812774125

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Sonoporation was demonstrated using ultrasound waves of different frequencies. The most commonly used frequencies are those in therapeutic (1 to 3 MHz) and diagnostic ultrasound transducers (3 to 18 MHz) as well as lithotripsy transducers [11]. Nevertheless, several experiments have also been conducted with low-frequency ultrasound transducers (below 500 kHz).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasound frequencies above 1 MHz have been used in a number of studies where fluorescent dyes, genetic material and chemotherapeutic drugs were efficiently delivered into cells [1] and [12] to [15]. Less research has been done on low-frequency sonoporation using frequencies below 500 kHz, which has also been demonstrated with dye delivery [16] to [19], genetic material delivery [11] and [20] and chemotherapeutic drug delivery into cells [21]. Regardless of the ultrasound frequency used in the sonoporation experiments; other ultrasound parameters needed for efficient sonoporation were reported inconsistently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Frequency Sonoporation in vitro: Experimental System Evaluation

Jelenc¹,

Miklavčič²,

Lebar³

2012

SV-JME

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Sonoporation is a phenomenon where ultrasound increases cell membrane permeability. As the result, molecules that are otherwise deprived of transport mechanisms can be transported across the cell membrane. Several different experimental exposure systems are described in the literature. Low-frequency ultrasound (<500 kHz) exposure systems can be divided into two groups: systems with the transducer directly immersed in the cell suspension and systems with the transducer in a water bath. We developed an experimental system based on progressive ultrasound wave in a water bath. It consists of a transducer operating at 29.6 kHz submerged in a water bath, and bath walls lined by ultrasound absorbing lining. Using a hydrophone, we evaluated ultrasound reflections inside the bath, both with and without acoustic lining on the bath's boundaries. We also built a finite element model of the system in order to calculate ultrasound parameters that are inaccessible by conventional hydrophone measurement due to equipment limitations. The experimental system will enable exposure of cells to pre-measured and pre-calculated ultrasound conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Sonoporation in vitro: Experimental System Evaluation

Jelenc¹,

Miklavčič²,

Lebar³

2012

SV-JME

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Biological Effects of Sound and Ultrasound

Nyborg

2009

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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At frequencies mostly in the megahertz range, ultrasound has become indispensable in diagnostic medicine. Sound over a wide frequency range is being used increasingly in therapeutic applications, including drug delivery. Much research has been carried out to study biological effects of this agent, especially, ultrasound, to seek understanding of mechanisms for them. Since sonic energy is converted into heat as it passes through tissues, temperature elevation is an important mechanism. Another important kind of mechanism, called cavitation , is important when small gas bubbles are present, as is often true during in vivo exposures of cell suspensions. If the pressure amplitude is modest, the action may be harmless, or even beneficial by making cells temporarily permeable allowing drug transfer. If it is high, the action may be violent and cause permanent damage. The importance of cavitation during applications of diagnostic ultrasound has greatly increased during the last decade because of the widespread use of “contrast agents”. These are small specially coated gas bubbles, which are injected into the blood of a patient to improve image contrast. Whether cavitation occurs or not during an application, sonic fields can produce effects via time‐averaged forces and fluid motions known as radiation force and acoustic streaming (or microstreaming ). The present chapter is a review of current knowledge on effects that can be produced by sonic fields and causes of these effects.

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