Emerging Therapeutic RNAs for the Targeting of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts

Santana-Viera, Laura; Ibba, Maria Luigia; Rotoli, Deborah; Catuogno, Silvia; Esposito, Carla Lucia

doi:10.3390/cancers12061365

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Therefore, therapeutic approaches that incorporate anti-CAF strategies have been extensively studied over the recent years (134)(135)(136). Such strategies may involve depletion of CAFs, blocking CAF functions, altering CAF activation status and targeting ECM (Figure 5) (134,137). In fact, several anti-CAF strategies have been investigated in the clinical setting (70).…”

Section: The Role Of Cafs On Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion

Günaydın

2021

Front. Oncol.

102

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Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as well as TAMs are known to play pivotal supportive roles in tumor growth and progression. The number of CAF or TAM cells is mostly correlated with poor prognosis. Both CAFs and TAMs are in a reciprocal communication with the tumor cells in the tumor milieu. In addition to such interactions, CAFs and TAMs are also involved in a dynamic and reciprocal interrelationship with each other. Both CAFs and TAMs are capable of altering each other’s functions. Here, the current understanding of the distinct mechanisms about the complex interplay between CAFs and TAMs are summarized. In addition, the consequences of such a mutual relationship especially for tumor progression and tumor immune evasion are highlighted, focusing on the synergistic pleiotropic effects. CAFs and TAMs are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment; thus, they may prove to be potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the tri-directional interactions of CAFs, TAMs and cancer cells in terms of tumor progression will pave the way for the identification of novel theranostic cues in order to better target the crucial mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

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Section: The Role Of Cafs On Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion

Günaydın

2021

Front. Oncol.

102

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“…Due to their high target-specificity, nucleic acid therapeutics, such as miRNA-based molecules, lncRNAs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), mRNA therapeutics, and nucleic acid aptamers, have recently been successful in emerging into a highly attractive class of medicines [ 203 ].…”

Section: Hif-1α/2α Inhibitors For Cancer Treatment In Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies

et al. 2022

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Given that hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver for cancer malignancy, it is thought to be a major target in cancer treatment recently. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have a large impact on tumor development and immunotherapy. TAMs massively accumulate within hypoxic tumor regions. TAMs and hypoxia represent a deadly combination because hypoxia has been suggested to induce a pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotype. Hypoxia not only directly affects macrophage polarization, but it also has an indirect effect by altering the communication between tumor cells and macrophages. For example, hypoxia can influence the expression of chemokines and exosomes, both of which have profound impacts on the recipient cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the intricate interaction between cancer cells and TAMs in the hypoxic TME is relevant to poor prognosis and increased tumor malignancy. However, there are no comprehensive literature reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-mediated communication between tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, this review has the aim to collect all recently available data on this topic and provide insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for reducing the effects of hypoxia.

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“…Targeting CAFs can disrupt the TME’s supportive functions for cancer growth [ 27 , 28 ]. Strategies such as small-molecule inhibitors [ 29 , 30 ] and nanoparticle-based delivery systems [ 31 , 32 ] targeting CAF-specific markers have shown promising preclinical results. Additionally, fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP) inhibition has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to disrupt the stromal compartment [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of the T2 Ribonucleases in TME-Based Cancer Therapy

Campomenosi,

Mortara,

Bassani

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing innovative anticancer therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a complex and dynamic milieu surrounding the tumor mass, consisting of various cellular and molecular components, including those from the host organism, endowed with the ability to significantly influence cancer development and progression. Processes such as angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis are crucial targets in the search for novel anticancer drugs. Thus, identifying molecules with “multi-tasking” properties that can counteract cancer cell growth at multiple levels represents a relevant but still unmet clinical need. Extensive research over the past two decades has revealed a consistent anticancer activity for several members of the T2 ribonuclease family, found in evolutionarily distant species. Initially, it was believed that T2 ribonucleases mainly acted as anticancer agents in a cell-autonomous manner. However, further investigation uncovered a complex and independent mechanism of action that operates at a non-cell-autonomous level, affecting crucial processes in TME-induced tumor growth, such as angiogenesis, evasion of immune surveillance, and immune cell polarization. Here, we review and discuss the remarkable properties of ribonucleases from the T2 family in the context of “multilevel” oncosuppression acting on the TME.

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Emerging Therapeutic RNAs for the Targeting of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts

Cited by 9 publications

References 117 publications

CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion

CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion

The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies

The Potential Role of the T2 Ribonucleases in TME-Based Cancer Therapy

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