Emerging Technologies in Cardiac Pacing From Leadless Pacers to Stem Cells

Co, Michael Lawren; Khouzam, John Paul; Pour-Ghaz, Issa; Minhas, Sheharyar; Basu‐Ray, Indranill

doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100797

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…These artificial treatments are lifesaving but show many shortcomings associated with a possible generator malfunction, the lack of autonomic responsiveness, a short battery lifespan, undesirable interactions with strong magnetic fields, device-related infections, etc. (Cingolani et al, 2018;Co et al, 2021;Joury et al, 2021). Additional challenges are related to artificial device implantation in children during the existence of the conditions of rapid growth, small body size, and/or anatomical variations associated with congenital heart defects (Cingolani et al, 2018;Taleski and Zafirovska, 2021).…”

Section: Approaches For the Engineering Of Biological Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering the Cardiac Conduction System: Advances in Cellular, Gene, and Tissue Engineering for Heart Rhythm Regeneration

Naumova

Iop

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Heart rhythm disturbances caused by different etiologies may affect pediatric and adult patients with life-threatening consequences. When pharmacological therapy is ineffective in treating the disturbances, the implantation of electronic devices to control and/or restore normal heart pacing is a unique clinical management option. Although these artificial devices are life-saving, they display many limitations; not least, they do not have any capability to adapt to somatic growth or respond to neuroautonomic physiological changes. A biological pacemaker could offer a new clinical solution for restoring heart rhythms in the conditions of disorder in the cardiac conduction system. Several experimental approaches, such as cell-based, gene-based approaches, and the combination of both, for the generation of biological pacemakers are currently established and widely studied. Pacemaker bioengineering is also emerging as a technology to regenerate nodal tissues. This review analyzes and summarizes the strategies applied so far for the development of biological pacemakers, and discusses current translational challenges toward the first-in-human clinical application.

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Section: Approaches For the Engineering Of Biological Pacemakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering the Cardiac Conduction System: Advances in Cellular, Gene, and Tissue Engineering for Heart Rhythm Regeneration

Naumova

Iop

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The wired paradigm employs bioelectrodes tethered to an external power source. Though effective, it can be invasive, penetrating through tissues and vascular systems, carry inherent risks—breakage, infections, tissue damage, and other long-term complications [ 35 ]. In contrast, wireless modalities, characterized by their non-invasive nature, dispatch electrical pulses through the skin to activate underlying nerves [ 36 , 37 ], although these techniques also have challenges related to limited penetration depths and complications with the channel and external manipulation of the wireless signal [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphysics simulation of magnetoelectric micro core-shells for wireless cellular stimulation therapy via magnetic temporal interference

Narayanan,

Khaleghi,

Veletić

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This paper presents an innovative approach to wireless cellular stimulation therapy through the design of a magnetoelectric (ME) microdevice. Traditional electrophysiological stimulation techniques for neural and deep brain stimulation face limitations due to their reliance on electronics, electrode arrays, or the complexity of magnetic induction. In contrast, the proposed ME microdevice offers a self-contained, controllable, battery-free, and electronics-free alternative, holding promise for targeted precise stimulation of biological cells and tissues. The designed microdevice integrates core shell ME materials with remote coils which applies magnetic temporal interference (MTI) signals, leading to the generation of a bipolar local electric stimulation current operating at low frequencies which is suitable for precise stimulation. The nonlinear property of the magnetostrictive core enables the demodulation of remotely applied high-frequency electromagnetic fields, resulting in a localized, tunable, and manipulatable electric potential on the piezoelectric shell surface. This potential, triggers electrical spikes in neural cells, facilitating stimulation. Rigorous computational simulations support this concept, highlighting a significantly high ME coupling factor generation of 550 V/m·Oe. The high ME coupling is primarily attributed to the operation of the device in its mechanical resonance modes. This achievement is the result of a carefully designed core shell structure operating at the MTI resonance frequencies, coupled with an optimal magnetic bias, and predetermined piezo shell thickness. These findings underscore the potential of the engineered ME core shell as a candidate for wireless and minimally invasive cellular stimulation therapy, characterized by high resolution and precision. These results open new avenues for injectable material structures capable of delivering effective cellular stimulation therapy, carrying implications across neuroscience medical devices, and regenerative medicine.

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“…DC-DC buck converter plays a key role in biomedical devices, whose power subsystems have to perform energy harvesting, storage, and management tasks efficiently within a limited space, commonly at micro/nano scale. Pacemakers, defibrillators, cochlear processors, retinal stimulators, neural recording and body-area monitoring are on-chip devices with highly limited energy sources, which are deeply benefited by the improvement of existing techniques and alternative proposal for controlling PECs [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Some other application of DC-DC buck converter include battery charging [ 5 ], renewable energy conversion systems [ 6 ], microgrids [ 7 ], regulated power sources [ 8 ], LED lightning [ 9 ] and DC motor drives [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Its Implementation Impact of Two-Modes Controller Fractional Approximation for Buck Converters

2022

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Additional degrees of freedom in a fractional-order control strategy for power electronic converters are well received despite the lack of reliable tuning methods. Despite artificial/swarm intelligence techniques have been used to adjust controller parameters to improve more than one characteristic/property at the same time, smart tuning not always leads to realizable structures or reachable parameter values. Thus, adjustment boundaries to ensure controller viability are needed. In this manuscript the fractional-order approach is described in terms of El-Khazali biquadratic module, which produces the lowest order approximation, instead of using a definition. A two-modes controller structure is synthesize depending on uncontrolled plant needs and parameters are adjusted through particle swarm and genetic optimization algorithms for comparison. Two error-based minimization criteria are used to consider output performance into the process. Two restrictions complement the optimization scheme, one seeks to ensure desired robustness while the other prevents from synthesizing a high-gain controller. Optimization results showed similarity between minima obtained and significant difference between parameters of those controller optimized without the proposed constraints was determined. Numerical and experimental results are provide to validate proposed approach effectiveness. Effective regulation, good tracking characteristic and robustness in the presence of load variations are the main results.

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Emerging Technologies in Cardiac Pacing From Leadless Pacers to Stem Cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Bioengineering the Cardiac Conduction System: Advances in Cellular, Gene, and Tissue Engineering for Heart Rhythm Regeneration

Bioengineering the Cardiac Conduction System: Advances in Cellular, Gene, and Tissue Engineering for Heart Rhythm Regeneration

Multiphysics simulation of magnetoelectric micro core-shells for wireless cellular stimulation therapy via magnetic temporal interference

Optimization and Its Implementation Impact of Two-Modes Controller Fractional Approximation for Buck Converters

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