Emerging Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Bajpai, Pratima

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811099-7.00007-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 325 publications

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“…It is a ratio of the total length of measured fibers and their amount; however, calculated in this way, results may carry significant mistakes due to the count of fine fraction, i.e., particles of dimensions under 0.2 mm. To eliminate the influence of fine fragments of cellulose fibers on the results and error of measurements, the progress of shortening is usually determined based on such parameters as the average length-weighted length or average weight-weighted length of fibers [35][36][37].…”

Section: Fiber Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Differences between Virgin and Secondary Fibers

Małachowska

Dubowik²,

Przybysz

2023

Sustainability

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The properties of the fibers determine the quality of the pulp and, thus, the quality of the paper made from it. Recognition of properties, which fiber and paper pulp should be characterized by, in order to achieve required paper properties, is, therefore, a subject of research and interest of many papermaking research experts and scientists. Fibers are subject to deformation and possible weakening under the influence of chemical and mechanical factors, and therefore the quality of the fibers decreases each time they are used in production when it comes to recycled pulps. Then again, the key factor determining the quality of the primary fiber is the degree of pulp delignification. In the article, an attempt was made to define the impact of delignification of virgin pulp on morphological properties of fibers, and compare them with the properties of recycled paper pulp, in order to find correlations. The current economic and raw material situations in the wood market force one to seek new solutions to limit the use of virgin fibers, which is extremely important for the economy of the paper mill, environmental protection and raw material management.

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Section: Fiber Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Differences between Virgin and Secondary Fibers

Małachowska

Dubowik²,

Przybysz

2023

Sustainability

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“…EDTA removal throughout conventional aerobic biodegradation is hardly accessed [5] and hydrothermal thermolysis is energy consumable [6]. For such reasons, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have attracted a lot of attention, among which ultrasound-based degradation and photocatalysis seem quite promising [7,8]. Ultrasound technology has proven to be an efficient treatment method for toxic waste removal, either when used alone or in combination with other oxidation methods [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic and Sonocatalytic Degradation of EDTA and Rhodamine B over Ti0 and Ti@TiO2 Nanoparticles

2021

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Herein, we report a comparative study of photocatalytic (Xe-lamp) and sonocatalytic (345 kHz power ultrasound) degradation of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of Ti0 and Ti@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles (NPs). Ti@TiO2 NPs have been obtained by sonohydrothermal treatment (20 kHz, 200 °C) of commercially available Ti0 NPs in pure water. The obtained material is composed of quasi-spherical Ti0 particles (30–150 nm) coated by 5–15 nm crystals of anatase. In contrast to pristine TiO2, the Ti@TiO2 NPs exhibit the extend photo response from UV to NIR light region due to the light absorption by nonplasmonic Ti core. EDTA can be oxidized effectively by photocatalysis in the presence of Ti@TiO2 NPs. By contrast, air passivated Ti0 nanoparticles was found to be inactive in the photocatalytic process for both EDTA and RhB. Photocatalytic degradation of EDTA over Ti@TiO2 NPs exhibits strong photothermal effect, which has been attributed to the higher yield of oxidizing radicals produced by light at higher bulk temperature. The efficiency of RhB photocatalytic degradation depends strongly on RhB concentration. At [RhB] ≥ 1 × 10−3 M, its photocatalytic degradation is not feasible due to a strong self-absorption. At lower concentrations, RhB photocatalytic degradation is observed, but at lower efficiency compared to EDTA. We found that the efficient sonochemical degradation of RhB does not require the presence of any catalysts. For both processes, EDTA and RhB, sonochemical and photocatalytic processes are more effective in the presence of Ar/O2 gas mixture compared to pure Ar. The obtained results suggest that the choice of the optimal technology for organic pollutants degradation can be determined by their optical and complexing properties.

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