Emerging Technologies for Degradation of Dichlorvos: A Review

Abstract

Dichlorvos (O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, DDVP) is a widely acknowledged broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaracide. This pesticide has been used for more than four decades and is still in strong demand in many developing countries. Extensive application of DDVP in agriculture has caused severe hazardous impacts on living systems. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization considered DDVP among the list of 2B carcinogens, which means a certain extent of cancer risk. Hence, removing DDVP from the environment has attracted worldwide attention. Many studies have tested the removal of DDVP using different kinds of physicochemical methods including gas phase surface discharge plasma, physical adsorption, hydrodynamic cavitation, and nanoparticles. Compared to physicochemical methods, microbial degradation is regarded as an environmentally friendly approach to solve several environmental issues caused by pesticides. Till now, several DDVP-degrading microbes have been isolated and reported, including but not limited to Cunninghamella, Fusarium, Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Ochrobium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Trichoderma. Moreover, the possible degradation pathways of DDVP and the transformation of several metabolites have been fully explored. In addition, there are a few studies on DDVP-degrading enzymes and the corresponding genes in microorganisms. However, further research relevant to molecular biology and genetics are still needed to explore the bioremediation of DDVP. This review summarizes the latest development in DDVP degradation and provides reasonable and scientific advice for pesticide removal in contaminated environments.

Toxicity of Agricultural Pesticides to Soil Bacteria

“…They possess excellent characteristics and are extremely efficient for many agricultural, environmental and industrial applications (El-Bestawy et al, 2013). Bacillus species have been reported to be excellent degraders of cypermethrin (Bhatt et al, 2019), DDVP (Zhang et al, 2021) and glyphosate (Aso et al, 2021). Bacillus cereus strains have been reported to degrade various pesticides like chlorpyrifos, Malathion (Ishag et al, 2016) and paraquat (Tu and Bollen, 2006).…”

Emerging Strategies for the Bioremediation of the Phenylurea Herbicide Diuron

“…In recent years, the use of biological resources, especially microbes, to degrade DUR has emerged as a powerful tool for its degradation and remediation in situ ( Bhatt et al, 2021a , c ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). DUR is susceptible to microbial degradation, and aquatic microorganisms enriched in pond water can also degrade DUR to one of its major metabolites, 3,4-DCA ( Richards et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Survival, proliferation, immobilization, competition with indigenous bacteria, and catalytic capacity are important factors influencing the biodegradation ability of inoculants ( Chen et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2018 , 2021 ; Bhatt et al, 2019 ). In addition to environmental factors, the characteristics of the microbes themselves also have an important effect on their degradation ability ( Chan et al, 2021 ).…”

Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity Concerns, and Degradation of Diazinon Using a Microbial System

“…These toxic chemicals can be transformed/degraded by bacteria and fungi to form microtoxic or nontoxic small molecules ( Dar et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Bacteria have been widely used in the bioremediation of pesticides because of their strong biochemical behavior, multiadaptability, and reproductive ability ( Dzionek et al, 2016 ; Cycoń et al, 2017 ; Lin et al, 2020 ).…”