Emerging technologies for arsenic removal from drinking water in rural and peri-urban areas: Methods, experience from, and options for Latin America

Use of plants in the remediation of arsenic‐contaminated waters

“…Regarding risk to population, Uppal, Zheng, and Le (2019) presented a review on contamination of As in drinking water, and based on the revised studies, the authors reported that the risk of being exposed to arsenic levels higher than the allowed by the WHO threats more than 200 million people in the World. In line with that, Kumar, Patel, et al (2019) reported that water in Latin America is also contaminated by As and in two studies reviewed by these authors is stated that around 14 million people in this region depend on contaminated water with concentration >10 μg/L (the threshold allowed by WHO). In addition, as arsenic‐contaminated drinking water does not have odor and taste, the rural population is often unaware of its toxicity and eventually the health of these people can be damaged (Kumar, Patel, et al, 2019).…”

“…In line with that, Kumar, Patel, et al (2019) reported that water in Latin America is also contaminated by As and in two studies reviewed by these authors is stated that around 14 million people in this region depend on contaminated water with concentration >10 μg/L (the threshold allowed by WHO). In addition, as arsenic‐contaminated drinking water does not have odor and taste, the rural population is often unaware of its toxicity and eventually the health of these people can be damaged (Kumar, Patel, et al, 2019).…”

Selective removal of arsenic in water: A critical review

“…With the increasing global population, the agricultural demand and excessive groundwater withdrawal have resulted in the dissolution of As within the aquifers (Sarkar et al, 2012). In addition, there are anthropogenic sources of arsenic affecting water resources and other environments such as poultry and swine feed additives, pesticides (monosodium methyl arsenate (NaMeHAsO3), disodium salt (Na2MeAsO2)), herbicides, wood treatment agents (chromate copper arsenate), electronic manufacturing, cattle dips, vitamin supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, coal combustion, cigarettes, paints, dyes, cosmetics and highly soluble trioxide stockpiles (Basu et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2019).…”

Geogenic arsenic removal through core–shell based functionalized nanoparticles: Groundwater in-situ treatment perspective in the post–COVID anthropocene

“…In the groundwater naturally occurring microorganisms oxidize organic matter and generate hydrogencarbonate and salt of carbonic acid which ultimately enhances the alkalinity of the solution and release As from mineral surfaces. Antropogenically As and its compounds are widely used (as fertilizers, pesticides, drugs, feed additives and wood preservatives) and finds their entry into groundwater ( Henke, 2009 ; Kumar et al, 2019 ; Saikia et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Any concentration above world health organization (WHO) recommended value of 10 μg L –1 for As causes harmful diseases like, hyperkeratosis, diarrhea, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, cancer and arsenicosis ( Henke, 2009 ; Jadhav et al, 2015 ; Sarkar and Paul, 2016 ). To combat with pernicious As, variety of treatment techniques were proposed and most of them have been summerized in the form of short as well critical reviews by number of researchers ( Sanjrani et al, 2019 ; Kumar et al, 2019 ; Jadhav et al, 2015 ; Sarkar and Paul, 2016 ; Singh et al, 2015 ). However, use of conventional physicochemical methods has been confined due to excessive–energy consumption and release of hazardous chemicals into the environment.…”