Emerging Systemic Therapies for Colorectal Cancer

Veenstra, Christine M.; Krauss, John C.

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1602238

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…CRC can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy and specific targeted therapies. Currently, the 5-year survival rate of locally advanced CRC can attain rates as high as 69%; however, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic CRC is only about 12% [ 2 ]. Targeted therapy includes anti-body-mediated therapy against EGFR and VEGF, and small-molecule compounds against protein kinases, such as Regorafenib.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and anoikis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells

Zheng

Wang

Shen

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Ursolic acid (UA) is an anti-cancer herbal compound. In the present study, we observed the effects of UA on anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) RKO cells. Methods RKO cells were cultured in conventional and detached condition and treated with UA. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was identified by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Activities of caspases were measured by commercial kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recognized by DCFH-DA fluorescent staining. Anoikis was identified by EthD-1 fluorescent staining and flow cytometry analysis. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were analyzed by western blot. Results UA inhibited RKO cell viability in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. UA arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. UA inhibited Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression. In addition, UA up-regulated the level of ROS that contributed to UA activated caspase-3, − 8 and − 9, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, UA inhibited cell growth in a detached condition and induced anoikis in RKO cells that was accompanied by dampened phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K and AKT. UA also inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as indicated by the down-regulation of N-Cad expression and up-regulation of E-Cad expression. Conclusions UA induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, and FAK/PI3K/AKT singling and EMT related anoikis in RKO cells. UA was an effective anti-cancer compound against both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of RKO cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and anoikis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells

Zheng

Wang

Shen

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…This personalized immunotherapy approach consisting of irradiated autologous tumor cells with adjuvant BCG (OncoVAX; Vaccinogen Inc.) has been evaluated in a few subsequent studies [ 85 ]. A pivotal, randomized, multicenter phase IIIb clinical trial (NCT02448173) was conducted by recruiting participants to evaluate the beneficial effects of OncoVAX in stage II colon cancer patients post-surgery [ 86 ].…”

Section: Efficacy Of Bcg In Tertiary Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Cancer Prevention and Its Putative Mechanisms

Gupta,

Yadav,

Kumar

2024

J Cancer Prev

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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis . Although it was developed as a prophylactic vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), researchers have also evaluated it for preventing cancer development or progression. These studies were inspired by the available data regarding the protective effects of microbial infection against cancers and an inverse relationship between TB and cancer mortality. Initial studies demonstrated the efficacy of BCG in preventing leukemia, melanoma and a few other cancers. However, mixed results were observed in later studies. Importantly, these studies have led to the successful use of BCG in the tertiary prevention of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, wherein BCG therapy has been found to be more effective than chemotherapy. Moreover, in a recently published 60-year follow-up study, childhood BCG vaccination has been found to significantly prevent lung cancer development. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the studies evaluating the efficacy of BCG in cancer prevention and discussed its putative mechanisms. Also, we sought to explain the mixed results of BCG efficacy in preventing different cancers.

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“…Despite great progress in the treatment of CRC, the survival rate of patients with advanced CRC is still low due to poor prognosis ( Gbolahan et al, 2019 ; Miller et al, 2019 ). In addition, chemotherapy has certain side effects, which can lead to drug resistance, while targeted therapy also has a certain burden of symptoms ( Veenstra et al, 2018 ). Therefore, the development of effective anti-CRC drugs is particularly important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the effect and mechanism of AD-1 in the treatment of colorectal cancer

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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20 (R)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol (AD-1), a novel ginsenoside isolated from stem and leaf of Panax Notoginseng, has anticancer activity against a variety of malignant tumors. However, the pharmacological mechanism of AD-1 on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to verify the potential mechanism of action of AD-1 against CRC through network pharmacology and experiments. A total of 39 potential targets were obtained based on the intersection of AD-1 and CRC targets, and key genes were analyzed and identified from the PPI network using Cytoscape software. 39 targets were significantly enriched in 156 GO terms and 138 KEGG pathways, among which PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was identified as one of the most enriched pathways. Based on experimental results, AD-1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of SW620 and HT-29 cells, and induce their apoptosis. Subsequently, the HPA and UALCAN databases showed that PI3K and Akt were highly expressed in CRC. AD-1 also decreased the expressions of PI3K and Akt. In summary, these results suggest that AD-1 can play an anti-tumor role by inducing cell apoptosis and regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

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Emerging Systemic Therapies for Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 29 publications

References 100 publications

Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and anoikis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells

Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and anoikis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Cancer Prevention and Its Putative Mechanisms

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the effect and mechanism of AD-1 in the treatment of colorectal cancer

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