Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review

Mulani, Mansura S.; Kamble, Ekta E.; Kumkar, Shital N.; Tawre, Madhumita S.; Pardesi, Karishma

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00539

Cited by 1,058 publications

(870 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…Increase in uncontrolled, irrational antibiotic use, lack of incentives, and research efforts for the development of new antibiotics resulted in antibiotic resistance worldwide [2]. ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli) play a prominent role in this global epidemic and are considered by the WHO as high-risk pathogens [3][4][5][6]. Alone in the EU antibiotic resistant, microbes cause reportedly disability, mortality, and increasing costs in medical care [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Smart” Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

et al. 2020

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The emergence of resistant pathogens is a burden on mankind and threatens the existence of our species. Natural and plant-derived antimicrobial agents need to be developed in the race against antibiotic resistance. Nanotechnology is a promising approach with a variety of products. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have good antimicrobial activity. We prepared AgNPs with trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) and povidone-iodine (PI) with increased antimicrobial activity. We synthesized also AgNPs with natural cinnamon bark extract (Cinn) in combination with PI and coated biodegradable Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) sutures with the new materials separately. These compounds (TCA-AgNP, TCA-AgNP-PI, Cinn-AgNP, and Cinn-AgNP-PI) and their dip-coated PGA sutures were tested against 10 reference strains of microorganisms and five antibiotics by zone inhibition with disc-and agar-well-diffusion methods. The new compounds TCA-AgNP-PI and Cinn-AgNP-PI are broad spectrum microbicidal agents and therefore potential coating materials for sutures to prevent Surgical Site Infections (SSI). TCA-AgNP-PI inhibits the studied pathogens stronger than Cinn-AgNP-PI in-vitro and on coated sutures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition of TCA-AgNP-PI and Cinn-AgNP-PI. Smart solutions involving hybrid materials based on synergistic antimicrobial action have promising future perspectives to combat resistant microorganisms.Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 361 2 of 36 20,000 related deaths in the United States in 2017 only and remains to be one of the important infection-associated mortality reasons [11,12]. The formation of biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces [13] paved the way for biofilm antibiotic tolerance as another major health threat [14,15]. This additional problem hampers the treatment of infections, most often gives rise to chronic infections, in the worst case to therapeutic failure, severe morbidity, and mortality [4]. More than 80% of microbial infections are caused by microbial biofilm formation and pose a severe health risk because treatment with antibiotics remains ineffective [16]. The incidence of chronic wound infections is increasing globally to alarming levels [17]. Chronic wounds are marked by high bacterial colonization and infection rates, which can be treated only by novel therapeutic approaches other than the use of conventional antibiotics [18,19]. Chronic wound tissues can contain microbiomes of complex communities with coexisting fungal and bacterial colonies of different strains within biofilms [20]. According to this inter-kingdom model, fungi like Candida albicans can offer structures for other bacteria (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., E. faecalis, E. coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii etc.) to attach, form intricate biofilms, and increase the resistance against any ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Smart” Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

et al. 2020

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“…Microbial infections continue to be a problem, for humans [5], as well as for livestock and other agriculture settings [6][7][8]. Compounding this problem are newly emerging pathogenic microorganisms, in addition to re-emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Larvicidal Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils from Four Species of Myrtaceae from Central Vietnam

Huong

Satyal

et al. 2020

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Mosquitoes are important vectors of several diseases, and control of these insects is imperative for human health. Insecticides have proven useful in controlling mosquito populations, but insecticide resistance and environmental concerns are increasing. Additionally, emerging and re-emerging microbial infections are problematic. Essential oils have been shown to be promising mosquito larvicidal agents as well as antimicrobial agents. In this work, the essential oils from four species of Myrtaceae (Baeckea frutescens, Callistemon citrinus, Melaleuca leucadendra, and Syzygium nervosum) growing wild in central Vietnam have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oils have been screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, and for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Callistemon citrinus fruit essential oil, rich in α-pinene (35.1%), 1,8-cineole (32.4%), limonene (8.2%), and α-terpineol (5.8%) showed good larvicidal activity with 24-h LC 50 = 17.3 µg/mL against both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and good antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 16 µg/mL) The 48-h larvicidal activities of M. leucadendra leaf essential oil, rich in α-eudesmol (17.6%), guaiol (10.9%), linalool (5.1%), (E)-caryophyllene (7.0%), and bulnesol (3.6%) were particularly notable, with LC 50 of 1.4 and 1.8 µg/mL on Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Similarly, M. leucadendra bark essential oil, with α-eudesmol (24.1%) and guaiol (11.3%), showed good antibacterial activity against. E. faecalis. Both B. frutescens and C. citrinus leaf essential oils demonstrated anti-Candida activities with MIC values of 16 µg/mL. The results of this investigation suggest that essential oils derived from the Myrtaceae may serve as "green" alternatives for the control of mosquitoes and/or complementary antimicrobial agents.

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“…Recently, WHO published a list of MDR bacteria which are of critical concern [2]. Especially worrying are the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and several species of Enterobacteriaceae [3]. The development of carbapenem resistance in these species has led to the re-introduction of the last resort antibiotic Colistin, which was initially abandoned due to side-effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the compound showed moderate toxicity against red blood cells and resistance to proteolytic degradation [18]. D2D consists of 4 cationic residues lys 1 , lys 2 , lys 5 , lys 7 and 4 hydrophobic residues 1-naphthylalanine (1-nal) 3 , phe 4 , 1-nal 6 , norleucine (nle) 8 . D2D is a full d-amino acid analog derived from a structure-activity relationship study of the peptoid D2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Activity Study of an All-d Antimicrobial Octapeptide D2D

et al. 2019

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The increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides have attracted attention as potential antibiotics since they are present in all multicellular organisms and act as a first line of defence against invading pathogens. We have previously identified a small all-d antimicrobial octapeptide amide kk(1-nal)fk(1-nal)k(nle)-NH 2 (D2D) with promising antimicrobial activity. In this work, we have performed a structure-activity relationship study of D2D based on 36 analogues aimed at discovering which elements are important for antimicrobial activity and toxicity. These modifications include an alanine scan, probing variation of hydrophobicity at lys 5 and lys 7 , manipulation of amphipathicity, N-and C-termini deletions and lys-arg substitutions. We found that the hydrophobic residues in position 3 (1-nal), 4 (phe), 6 (1-nal) and 8 (nle) are important for antimicrobial activity and to a lesser extent cationic lysine residues in position 1, 2, 5 and 7. Our best analogue 5, showed MICs of 4 µg/mL against A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with a hemolytic activity of 47% against red blood cells. Furthermore, compound 5 kills bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by time-kill kinetics. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of D2D and compounds 1-8 showed that they likely fold into α-helical secondary structure. Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that a random unstructured polymer-like chains model could explain D2D and compounds 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8. Solution structure of compound 5 can be described with a nanotube structure model, compound 7 can be described with a filament-like structure model, while compound 2 can be described with both models. Lipid interaction probed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that a higher amount of compound 5 (~50-60%) inserts into the bilayer compared to D2D (~30-50%). D2D still remains the lead compound, however compound 5 is an interesting antimicrobial peptide for further investigations due to its nanotube structure and minor improvement to antimicrobial activity compared to D2D.

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Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review

Cited by 1,058 publications

References 214 publications

“Smart” Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

“Smart” Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

Mosquito Larvicidal Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils from Four Species of Myrtaceae from Central Vietnam

Structure-Activity Study of an All-d Antimicrobial Octapeptide D2D

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