Emerging Silk Material Trends: Repurposing, Phase Separation and Solution-Based Designs

Seib, F. Philipp

doi:10.3390/ma14051160

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This picture of a hydrated fibroin coil in NSF appears to conflict with suggestions from other authors that the protein is dominated by segments of hydrophobic amino acids [12,14,[90][91][92][93][94][95], based on the Kyte and Doolittle hydropathy index [96]. We suggest this is a misinterpretation of Kyte and Doolittle's original (1982) paper, however, which considered the likelihood of finding the various amino acids in the core or at the surface of globular proteins.…”

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confidence: 74%

Seeking Solvation: Exploring the Role of Protein Hydration in Silk Gelation

Laity

Holland

2022

Molecules

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The mechanism by which arthropods (e.g., spiders and many insects) can produce silk fibres from an aqueous protein (fibroin) solution has remained elusive, despite much scientific investigation. In this work, we used several techniques to explore the role of a hydration shell bound to the fibroin in native silk feedstock (NSF) from Bombyx mori silkworms. Small angle X-ray and dynamic light scattering (SAXS and DLS) revealed a coil size (radius of gyration or hydrodynamic radius) around 12 nm, providing considerable scope for hydration. Aggregation in dilute aqueous solution was observed above 65 °C, matching the gelation temperature of more concentrated solutions and suggesting that the strength of interaction with the solvent (i.e., water) was the dominant factor. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated decreasing hydration as the temperature was raised, with similar changes in hydration following gelation by freezing or heating. It was found that the solubility of fibroin in water or aqueous salt solutions could be described well by a relatively simple thermodynamic model for the stability of the protein hydration shell, which suggests that the affected water is enthalpically favoured but entropically penalised, due to its reduced (vibrational or translational) dynamics. Moreover, while the majority of this investigation used fibroin from B. mori, comparisons with published work on silk proteins from other silkworms and spiders, globular proteins and peptide model systems suggest that our findings may be of much wider significance.

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confidence: 74%

Seeking Solvation: Exploring the Role of Protein Hydration in Silk Gelation

Laity

Holland

2022

Molecules

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“…Today, robust protocols exist to generate a liquid silk feedstock 3 that forms the basis for numerous novel silk formats aimed at tackling currently unmet healthcare needs 1,4 . For example, silk fibroin hydrogels are particularly promising because these materials can serve both as an extracellular matrix mimetic 5 or as a release reservoir for therapeutic payloads 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The innate immune response of self-assembling silk fibroin hydrogels

et al. 2021

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“…In silkworms, the third of the fifth instar is considered the boundary for the whole larval development stages [12]. During the fifth instar, the silk gland of the silkworm produces sericin and silk proteins, synthesizing large amounts of silk over several days [12,22]. Our transcriptome data also identified genes in L5 silkworm larvae which were most highly expressed and mainly associated with secretion of proteins, tissue development, and metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Global Gene Expression Profiling and Dynamic Developmental Signatures across Complete Life Cycle of Bombyx mori

Wang

Fan

et al. 2021

Processes

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Background: The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important lepidopteran model insect worldwide which undergoes a complete metamorphosis developmental process. Although genome sequencing has been long performed, no transcriptome data covering the complete life cycle are available. Methods: Herein, a total of 10 samples were collected consecutively at four different developmental stages, including eggs of 24 h after oviposition (Ed) and eggs of 24 h after artificial egg-hatching (E); larvae from fist to fifth instar (L1–L5); early and late pupa (P4 and P8); and adult moth (M), were subjected to Illumina RNA-Seq and time-course analysis. Results: The summations of the gene expression of the silkworm ten developmental stages show: at Ed stage, eggs develop towards diapause status, the total gene expression level is relatively low; at E stage, after artificial egg-hatching, the expression level improves rapidly; during larval stages from L1–L5, the expression level rises gradually and reaches a peak at L5 stage; during pupae and moth stages, the total gene expression decline stage by stage. The results revealed a dynamical gene expression profile exhibiting significant differential expressions throughout the silkworm life cycle. Moreover, stage-specific key genes were identified at different developmental stages, suggesting their functions mainly characterized in maintaining insect development and immunity homeostasis or driving metamorphosis. GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis further revealed the most significantly enriched and fundamentally biological processes during silkworm growth. Conclusion: Collectively, our omics data depicted the first comprehensive landscape of dynamic transcriptome throughout complete developmental processes of B. mori. Our findings also provide valuable references and novel insights into understanding the molecular developmental remodeling events for other Lepidoptera species.

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Emerging Silk Material Trends: Repurposing, Phase Separation and Solution-Based Designs

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Seeking Solvation: Exploring the Role of Protein Hydration in Silk Gelation

Seeking Solvation: Exploring the Role of Protein Hydration in Silk Gelation

The innate immune response of self-assembling silk fibroin hydrogels

Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Global Gene Expression Profiling and Dynamic Developmental Signatures across Complete Life Cycle of Bombyx mori

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