Emerging Roles of Lipophagy in Health and Disease

Kounakis, Konstantinos; Chaniotakis, Manos; Markaki, Maria; Tavernarakis, Nektarios

doi:10.3389/fcell.2019.00185

Cited by 100 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In the scenario of lipid metabolism, the role of lipophagy (i.e., autophagic degradation of lipid droplets, the main lipid storage organelles of eukaryotic cells), discovered in 2009 to have important consequences on health [ 163 ], must be mentioned here, in connection with the ongoing debate concerning the role of fasting strategies in cancer treatment [ 164 ]. The ways in which calorie restriction/control impacts obesity and cancer treatment will be matter for further research and active debates from different perspectives [ 165 ].…”

Section: Link Between Obesity and Cancer: When The Lipid Supply Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids and Membrane Lipidomics in Oncology: A Cross-Road of Nutritional, Signaling and Metabolic Pathways

Ferreri

Sansone

Ferreri³

et al. 2020

Metabolites

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Fatty acids are closely involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism in cancer. Their amount and composition are dependent on dietary supply and tumor microenviroment. Research in this subject highlighted the crucial event of membrane formation, which is regulated by the fatty acids’ molecular properties. The growing understanding of the pathways that create the fatty acid pool needed for cell replication is the result of lipidomics studies, also envisaging novel fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid-mediated signaling. Fatty acid-driven mechanisms and biological effects in cancer onset, growth and metastasis have been elucidated, recognizing the importance of polyunsaturated molecules and the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 families. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are biomarkers in several types of cancer, and their characterization in cell membranes and exosomes is under development for diagnostic purposes. Desaturase enzymatic activity with unprecedented de novo polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis is considered the recent breakthrough in this scenario. Together with the link between obesity and cancer, fatty acids open interesting perspectives for biomarker discovery and nutritional strategies to control cancer, also in combination with therapies. All these subjects are described using an integrated approach taking into account biochemical, biological and analytical aspects, delineating innovations in cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatments.

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Section: Link Between Obesity and Cancer: When The Lipid Supply Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids and Membrane Lipidomics in Oncology: A Cross-Road of Nutritional, Signaling and Metabolic Pathways

Ferreri

Sansone

Ferreri³

et al. 2020

Metabolites

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“…Therefore, in addition to hepatic lipases such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL and PNPLA2), hepatic lipid stores can be mobilized by a specific subtype of selective autophagy termed as "lipophagy". Lipophagy targets LDs and catabolizes their components into FFAs and glycerol which are, then, metabolized by the mitochondria [21,22]. The initial stage of lipophagy primarily involves the recognition of LDs by the autophagosomal membrane via the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3), a mammalian homologue of yeast Atg8 and a core component of the phagophore [23].…”

Section: Autophagy and Its Role In Liver Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Lipid Catabolism via PPARα-Lysosomal Crosstalk

Sinha

Rajak

Singh

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. They regulate key aspects of energy metabolism within cells. Recently, PPARα has been implicated in the regulation of autophagy-lysosomal function, which plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism. PPARα transcriptionally upregulates several genes involved in the autophagy-lysosomal degradative pathway that participates in lipolysis of triglycerides within the hepatocytes. Interestingly, a reciprocal regulation of PPARα nuclear action by autophagy-lysosomal activity also exists with implications in lipid metabolism. This review succinctly discusses the unique relationship between PPARα nuclear action and lysosomal activity and explores its impact on hepatic lipid homeostasis under pathological conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

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“…In addition to lipolysis, lipid breakdown can also be accessed via lipophagy, a special kind of autophagy to degrade lipid droplets (Singh and Cuervo, 2012;Kounakis et al, 2019). It is a process that the double membrane wraps lipid droplets and sends them to lysosomes to form autolysosomes for degradation of excessive lipid droplets deposited in cells (Liu and Czaja, 2013;Ward et al, 2016).…”

Section: Induction Of Lipophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In alcoholic liver diseases (ALD), upon acute consumption of alcohol, lipophagy is activated in hepatocytes, serving as a defensive mechanism against injury to steatosis . However, it is impaired by chronic alcohol exposure, which is likely due to the activation of mTOR signaling and decreased lysosomal biogenesis in hepatocytes (Kounakis et al, 2019;. There are growing number of herbs and natural products have been found to protect liver from injury induced by alcohol by mechanism of lipophagy stimulation.…”

Section: Induction Of Lipophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Herbal Medicines and Natural Products on Regulating the Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Guo

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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The dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism is one of the hallmarks in many liver diseases including alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Hepatic inflammation, lipoperoxidative stress as well as the imbalance between lipid availability and lipid disposal, are direct causes of liver steatosis. The application of herbal medicines with anti-oxidative stress and lipid-balancing properties has been extensively attempted as pharmaceutical intervention for liver disorders in experimental and clinical studies. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying their hepatoprotective effects warrant further exploration, increasing evidence demonstrated that many herbal medicines are involved in regulating lipid accumulation processes including hepatic lipolytic and lipogenic pathways, such as mitochondrial and peroxisomal b-oxidation, the secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) uptake, and some vital hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Therefore, in this review, the pathways or crucial mediators participated in the dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism are systematically summarized, followed by the current evidences and advances in the positive impacts of herbal medicines and natural products on the lipid metabolism pathways are detailed. Furthermore, several herbal formulas, herbs or herbal derivatives, such as Erchen Dection, Danshen, resveratrol, and berberine, which have been extensively studied for their promising potential in mediating lipid metabolism, are particularly highlighted in this review. FIGURE 1 | Major processes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. Li et al.

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Emerging Roles of Lipophagy in Health and Disease

Cited by 100 publications

References 97 publications

Fatty Acids and Membrane Lipidomics in Oncology: A Cross-Road of Nutritional, Signaling and Metabolic Pathways

Fatty Acids and Membrane Lipidomics in Oncology: A Cross-Road of Nutritional, Signaling and Metabolic Pathways

Hepatic Lipid Catabolism via PPARα-Lysosomal Crosstalk

The Impacts of Herbal Medicines and Natural Products on Regulating the Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

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