Emerging Roles of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis in Obesity

Abstract

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Exploring the Links between Obesity and Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review

“…Further understanding of the role of this ecosystem in psoriasis and obesity interplay could lead to new therapies still to be developed. Probiotics have been demonstrated to improve psoriasis by modulating the two main parameters of gut microbiota: Alpha and Beta diversity [ 137 ], putting down roots in the quasi-causal role of dysbiosis in the psoriasis pathogenesis in people with obesity. Furthermore, several by-products from gut microbiota metabolism interfere in IL-17 and IL-23 [ 138 ] signalling pathways, whereby microbiota modulates keratinocytes and immune cells [ 95 ].…”

IgG from Adult Atopic Dermatitis (AD) Patients Induces Nonatopic Neonatal Thymic Gamma–Delta T Cells (γδT) to Acquire IL-22/IL-17 Secretion Profile with Skin-Homing Properties and Epigenetic Implications Mediated by miRNA

“…Their results indicated a causal role of adiposity in the development of AD, and suggested that obesity is a risk factor and a facilitator for the development of AD. Although the mechanism that links obesity and AD is unknown, available data suggest that a chronic inflammatory state caused by free fatty acids, adipokines, and adipocytokines from adipocytes and other local cells can mediate the increased risk of AD in obese patients [ 88 ]. Our findings are the first to show that changes induced by IgG from AD patients also affect miRNA expression in thymocytes, thus influencing their metabolism in AD.…”

Psoriasis and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Shared Genetic and Molecular Pathways

“…The adipose tissue is responsible for the active secretion of several bioactive molecules whose effects can spread systemically and play a relevant role in the pathways implicated in psoriatic inflammation [ 184 ].…”

“…For instance, free fatty acids, which are abundantly released from the adipose tissue of patients with obesity, have been shown to exert a proinflammatory role and to worsen psoriasis in murine models, at least partly via activation of keratinocytes [ 184 ]. Moreover, adipokines, cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue, have been demonstrated to interfere with the function of several cell types.…”

“…Moreover, adipokines, cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue, have been demonstrated to interfere with the function of several cell types. Leptin, whose circulating levels are higher in patients with obesity, acts on immune cells, leading to the stimulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and proliferation, as well as the polarization of the Th1/Th17 axis in lymphocytes [ 184 , 185 ]. Furthermore, it also stimulates skin resident cells, namely, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, further promoting the establishment of a psoriatic milieu [ 186 ].…”