Emerging role of pioneer transcription factors in targeted ERα positive breast cancer

Abstract

Transcription factors (TFs) are modular protein groups that preferably bind to DNA sequences and guide genomic expression through transcription. Among these key regulators, “pioneer factors” are an emerging class of TFs that specifically interact with nucleosomal DNA and facilitate accessible genomic binding sites for the additional TFs. There is growing evidence of these specialized modulators in particular malignancies, as highlighted by agents’ clinical efficacy, specifically targeting nuclear hormone receptors. They have been implicated in multiple cancers more recently, with a high proportion inculpating on hormone influential cancers. Moreover, extended crosstalk and cooperation between ERα pioneering factors in estrogen-dependent breast cancer (BC) remain elucidated. This review discusses on the recent advances in our understanding of pioneer TFs in cancer, especially highlighting its potentiality to modulate chromatin condensation to permit ERα recruitment in BC cells. Through the study it was concluded that the highly prospected pioneer TFs in BC, including FOXA1, TLE1, PBX1, and GATA3, possess the potential therapeutic significance and further innovations in the field could yield targeted therapy in cancer treatment.

Targeting Cell Cycle Progression in HER2+ Breast Cancer: An Emerging Treatment Opportunity

“…Hence, a dysregulated or more frequent association between Cyclin D-CDK predisposes cell cycle machinery to undergo uncontrolled proliferation leading to tumorigenesis. The estrogen receptor performs a dual job: as a receptor in the nucleus (for growth and proliferation in response to hormones; estrogen upon reception) and as a transcription factor, which can directly translocate into the nucleus and promote upregulation of CCND genes [ 57 , 58 ].…”

Role of the Paf1 complex in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and development

“…In carcinogenesis, c-Myc and p53 are regulated by signalling pathways [31,32] and function as TFs to promote cell proliferation [33,34]. The expression of core TFs in ESCs and cancer cells is regulated by general TFs, regulatory elements, enhancer-or promoter-binding proteins and chromatin-remodelling factors [35,36]. Therefore, to understand stem cell biology and developmental biology, there is a need to investigate how transcriptional regulators influence the self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs).…”