Emerging Role of Cellular Prion Protein in the Maintenance and Expansion of Glioma Stem Cells

Abstract

Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein representing the physiological counterpart of PrP scrapie (PrPSc), which plays a pathogenetic role in prion diseases. Relatively little information is however available about physiological role of PrPC. Although PrPC ablation in mice does not induce lethal phenotypes, impairment of neuronal and bone marrow plasticity was reported in embryos and adult animals. In neurons, PrPC stimulates neurite growth, prevents oxidative stress-dependent cell death, and favors antiapoptotic signaling. However, PrPC activity is not restricted to post-mitotic neurons, but promotes cell proliferation and migration during embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in adult. PrPC acts as scaffold to stabilize the binding between different membrane receptors, growth factors, and basement proteins, contributing to tumorigenesis. Indeed, ablation of PrPC expression reduces cancer cell proliferation and migration and restores cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Conversely, PrPC overexpression in cancer stem cells (CSCs) from different tumors, including gliomas—the most malignant brain tumors—is predictive for poor prognosis, and correlates with relapses. The mechanisms of the PrPC role in tumorigenesis and its molecular partners in this activity are the topic of the present review, with a particular focus on PrPC contribution to glioma CSCs multipotency, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity.

Cellular Prion Protein Is Essential for Myocardial Regeneration but Not the Recovery of Left Ventricular Function from Apical Ballooning

“…Later, some growing data indicate that the PrP C is involved in cancer cell proliferation, cell survival, resistance to apoptosis, and metastasis [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In addition, PrP C has been established to play an extremely critical role in the invasive capacity and the acquisition of multidrug resistance in cancer cells [ 24 ]. Interestingly, a recent study has keenly investigated hyperglycemia attenuated anticancer effects and augmented its cardiotoxicity in cellular models through mechanisms of regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88 signaling [ 25 ], suggesting hyperglycemia increased cytokine storm in human cancer cells and cardiotoxic induced by anticancer therapies [ 25 ].…”

Plasma PRPC Levels Correlate With Severity and Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

“…So, our study further supplies solid evidence supporting the notion that plasma PRPC should have the potential to serve as a promising biomarker for severity assessment after ICH. PRPC is identified as a ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane glycoprotein ( 14 ), and therefore may be released when neurons are damaged. Overall, it is assumed that PRPC may reflect the degree of neuronal injury, and plasma PRPC levels may be related to the extent of cellular membrane disruption by the form of cellular insult.…”

The effect of different feed on Ctenopoma (Ctenopoma acutirostre) production through survival rate and growth

“…The feed consumed by fish contains various substances including protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber, vitamins and minerals. The main function of protein is to form new body tissues and maintain existing tissues [8]. The amount of protein stored in the form of tissue in the fish's body divided by the amount of feed protein consumed is called protein retention.…”