Emerging risk factors for glaucoma onset and progression

Blumberg, Dana; Skaat, Alon; Liebmann, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.04.007

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…The study consisted of 2 sequential phases (a screening/eligibility phase and a treatment/follow-up phase) involving six visits ( Figure 1). The screening phase included a washout period of 5 Abbreviations: BBFC, brinzolamide 10 mg/mL/brimonidine 2 mg/mL fixed-dose combination; BID, twice daily; BRINZ+BRIM, brinzolamide 10 mg/mL and brimonidine 2 mg/mL dosed concomitantly; E1, eligibility visit 1; E2, eligibility visit 2; IOP, intraocular pressure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Elevated IOP is a major risk factor for glaucoma; IOP reduction is the only proven and effective medical approach for slowing progression of glaucoma and reducing the associated risk of vision loss. [4][5][6] The Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Guidelines recommend monotherapy with topical IOP-lowering agents as the first-line therapy for OAG and OHT. 7 In patients for whom monotherapy is insufficient, combination therapy with two or more IOP-lowering agents is recommended to achieve and maintain the target IOP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Comparison of the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy and Safety of the Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed-Dose Combination versus Concomitant Use of Brinzolamide and Brimonidine for Management of Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension</p>

Wang¹,

Lu²,

Pan³

et al. 2020

OPTH

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Objective: To demonstrate that the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of a twice-daily brinzolamide 10 mg/mL (BRINZ)/brimonidine 2 mg/mL (BRIM) fixed-dose combination (BBFC) was non-inferior to its individual components (BRINZ+BRIM) dosed concomitantly in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Safety was also evaluated. Methods and Analysis: This was a Phase III, multicenter, observer-masked study in patients from China, Russia and Taiwan. Patients aged ≥18 years with a mean IOP ≥21 mmHg and ≤36 mmHg in the same eye after washout of other IOP-lowering medications were included. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to receive BBFC or BRIZ+BRIM eye drops twice daily for 3 months. The primary endpoint was the mean change in diurnal IOP (averaged over 09:00, +2 h, and +7 h) from baseline to Month 3. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Results: The per-protocol set included 349 patients (BBFC, n=172; BRINZ+BRIM, n=177). The mean±standard deviation diurnal IOP at baseline was 24.6±2.66 mmHg in both groups. At Month 3, the least square mean±standard error change in diurnal IOP from baseline was −7.2 ±0.34 mmHg and −7.3±0.34 mmHg with BBFC and BRINZ+BRIM, respectively (between-group difference: 0.1 mmHg [95% CI −0.5, 0.7]). In the BBFC and BRINZ+BRIM groups, 53.3% and 55.0% of patients achieved a diurnal IOP <18 mmHg, and 43.2% and 37.4% of patients, respectively, achieved a mean diurnal IOP reduction >30% from baseline at Month 3. Ocular AEs were reported in 28.7% (BBFC) and 22.5% (BRINZ+BRIM) of patients; conjunctival hyperemia was the most frequent ocular AE (BBFC, 6.4%; BRINZ+BRIM, 6.8%). Non-ocular AEs were reported in 32.4% (BBFC) and 30.4% (BRINZ+BRIM) of patients. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate that the efficacy of twice-daily BBFC was noninferior to BRINZ+BRIM in patients with OAG/OHT. The safety profile of BBFC was similar to that of BRINZ+BRIM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Comparison of the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy and Safety of the Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed-Dose Combination versus Concomitant Use of Brinzolamide and Brimonidine for Management of Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension</p>

Wang¹,

Lu²,

Pan³

et al. 2020

OPTH

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“…Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, which constitute the optic nerve [1]. The degeneration of RGCs causes damage to the visual field, and consequently results in complete blindness if left untreated [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effect of Persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma

Ahn

Yang

Kim

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of persimmon leaves in two glaucoma models, microbeads-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) and DBA/2 mouse. Thus, we demonstrated that Ethanol Extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) reduced elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in both mouse models of glaucoma by measurements with a tonometer. In particular, we revealed that retinal ganglion cell loss and optic nerve damage caused by IOP elevation were markedly diminished as assessed by TUNEL assay, H&E staining, and fluorescent staining, while the expression of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCα-1) increased, when EEDK was administered, as revealed by western blot. Moreover, the b-wave magnitude indicating functional scotopic vision was significantly improved in EEDK-administered DBA/2 mice during the 10-week follow-up study, as observed with electroretinography. Collectively, our results suggested that EEDK could be an effective therapeutic and IOP-lowering agent for preventing and treating retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma.

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“…The identification of glaucoma suspect is based on the presence of risk factors, such as an increased IOP, a positive family history for glaucoma, a thin central corneal thickness (CCT), the clinical appearance of the optic nerve head and others, but also on the structural and perimetrical defects, detected with several imaging methods [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Structural Defects between Optic Disc and Ganglion Cell Complex in Patients with Glaucoma

Georgalas

Taliantzis

Kazaki

et al. 2019

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Purpose: To evaluate the agreement of glaucomatous structural defects of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) detected with the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (sdOCT) with the optic nerve head alterations detected with the Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT), of glaucoma patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma. Material and Methods: Ninety patients eyes with structural glaucomatous defects were enrolled. All of them underwent imaging examination of GCC with sdOCT and the optic disk with HRT. The Cohen's kappa coefficient of agreement was used. Results: The agreement between the optic disc and GCC using the parameters of the programs analysis of the HRT, the moorfields regression analysis (MRA) and glaucoma probability score (GPS) was not significant. Instead between MRA and GPS a good agreement was calculated. Significant agreements were found between MRA and GPS on one hand and GCC on the other, considering location and length of the glaucomatous damage, while non significant agreements were found between GPS and GCC for the location and the length of the glaucomatous structural defect. Conclusions: There is no significance (Please explain further if you are referring to significance in terms of the difference, similarity or agreement) between HRT and sdOCT for the detection of the glaucomatous damage between the optic nerve head and the ganglion cell complex. Instead MRA and GCC detect comparable areas and lengths of the glaucomatous damage. On the other hand GPS records larger deficits relative to MRA and has not a significant agreement with the study of GCC.

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Emerging risk factors for glaucoma onset and progression

Cited by 45 publications

References 106 publications

<p>Comparison of the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy and Safety of the Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed-Dose Combination versus Concomitant Use of Brinzolamide and Brimonidine for Management of Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension</p>

<p>Comparison of the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy and Safety of the Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed-Dose Combination versus Concomitant Use of Brinzolamide and Brimonidine for Management of Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension</p>

The Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effect of Persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma

Comparison of Structural Defects between Optic Disc and Ganglion Cell Complex in Patients with Glaucoma

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