Emerging Porous Two‐Dimensional Materials: Current Status, Existing Challenges, and Applications

Abstract

Two‐Dimensional (2D) materials have attracted immense attention in recent years. These materials have found their applications in various fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and sensing, as they exhibit excellent physical, chemical, electronic, photonic, and biological properties. Recently, researchers have focused on constructing porous structures on 2D materials. Various strategies, such as chemical etching and template‐based methods, for the development of surface pores are reported, and the porous 2D materials fabricated over the years are used to develop supercapacitors and energy storage devices. Moreover, the lattice structure of the 2D materials can be modulated during the construction of porous structures to develop 2D materials that can be used in various fields such as lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances. This review focuses on the recently developed chemical etching, solvent thermal synthesis, microwave combustion, and template methods that are used to fabricate porous 2D materials. The application prospects of the porous 2D materials are summarized. Finally, the key scientific challenges associated with developing porous 2D materials are presented to provide a platform for developing porous 2D materials.

Advancements in defect engineering of two-dimensional nanomaterial-based membranes for enhanced gas separation

“…This method is characterized by its simplicity of approach, ease of operation, suitability for etching large areas of 2D nanomaterials and large-scale production, usually using strong acids or bases to directly etch unprotected portions of the material. 51 The advantage is that the etching depth can be controlled and rapid etching can be achieved during implementation. Liang et al used NiGa LDH nanosheets containing amphiphilic metals as precursors to fabricate porous 2D materials.…”

Pseudocapacitive Kinetics in Synergistically Coupled MoS2–Mo2N Nanowires with Enhanced Interfaces toward All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors

“…2D-layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), particularly molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), have been extensively researched for pseudocapacitive storage applications on account of their attractive catalytic, structural, and mechanical properties. − While existing stably in the hexagonal phase (2H-MoS 2 ), MoS 2 possesses a highly electroactive character with high ionic conductivity, enormously large specific surface, and tunable interplanar spacing that allows for rapid pseudocapacitive redox and intercalation kinetics. , Despite these numerous advantages, pristine MoS 2 ’s performance is severely constrained by low electrical conductivity and poor electrochemical stability. To address these shortcomings, researchers have explored multiple strategies to fully exploit the MoS 2 ’s pseudocapacitive potential, such as heteroatom doping, expanding interplanar spacing, fabricating MoS 2 -based heterostructure/composites, and incorporating highly conductive and stable materials. , For instance, Mahanjan et al hydrothermally synthesized a biocompatible carbon-based MoS 2 (Bio-C/MoS 2 ) nanocomposite and achieved excellent capacitance ∼945 F·g –1 with exceptional energy and power density (157.9 Wh·kg –1 at 8.0 kW·kg –1 ) .…”

Unveiling the electron configuration‐dependent oxygen evolution activity of 2D porous Sr‐substituted LaFeO3 perovskite through microwave shock

“…[ 24–27 ] Moreover, the additional incorporation of a porous architecture within 2D structures enables an even more pronounced optimization of OER performance in terms of dynamic aspects. [ 28,29 ] Nevertheless, the existing approach for A‐site substitution typically involves prolonged high‐temperature calcination, which often results in the agglomeration of nanostructures, thereby impeding the realization of 2D porous LaFeO 3 . [ 30,31 ] Therefore, it is of paramount significance, and presents a formidable challenge to devise a methodology capable of simultaneously addressing the A‐site substitution and the formation of a 2D porous structure in one‐step synthesis.…”