Emerging patterns of crack use in Mexico City

Valdez, Avelardo; Kaplan, Charles D.; Nowotny, Kathryn M.; Natera, Guillermina; Cepeda, Alice

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.010

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Although a minority report smoking alone in the context of their homes (Valdez et al 2015), many participants described sharing equipment with friends, family members, or street acquaintances. The contexts in which the sharing occurred tended to either be in isolated public areas such as street corners, alleyways, or recreational spaces like basketball or soccer courts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is conditioned by the context in which it is occurring that is distinct from those described in other countries. Research in Mexico City has documented the absence of such factors as transition patterns from intranasal powder to crack use; no intermediate period of free-basing; and the absence of large/extensive mass media coverage of the dangers of crack cocaine (Valdez et al 2015). It is within this context, that the addiction process in Mexico City becomes accelerated with novel paraphernalia such as Yakult bottles that have not been documented by research in the U.S. and Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tool helped detect non-crack users during the recruitment process (Wang, et al 2005). Details regarding the sampling, eligibility and recruitment of the sample are found in a previous publication (Valdez et al 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the most recent Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones (National Survey of Addictions), treatment admissions for crack as the most commonly used drug increased from 3% in 2000 to 29% in 2007 (Villatoro, et al 2012). Documented are increasing rates and wide variation of patterns of crack use in Mexico City (Valdez et al 2015). In Brazil, the use of this drug has been described as an epidemic among socioeconomically marginalized groups with intensive crack use patterns, active engagement in sexual risk behavior, and compromised health status (Santos Cruz, et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Un Jalón, Un Volteón, y Otra Vez: High-Risk Crack Smoking Paraphernalia in México City

Valdez

Nowotny

Negi

et al. 2016

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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During the past decade, crack smoking has increased in Mexico among poor urban populations. Despite this increasing prevalence, little is known about the types of paraphernalia used and related sharing practices and physical harms. Data come from in-depth semi-structured interviews and observations with 156 current crack smokers in Mexico City. Findings reveal a complex, crack-smoking process in Mexico City that represents an interconnected structure of paraphernalia items and pipes that could contribute to detrimental health consequences. Specifically, we identify essential paraphernalia items that make the smoking of crack possible; describe the home- made construction of two categories of pipes; and the sharing practices and physical harms associated with these paraphernalia. Results point towards a smoking process that is embedded in impoverished urban neighborhoods sustained by an accessible street-level crack market. Discussed are the policy and intervention implications associated with reducing crack related health consequences in Mexico and other Latin American countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Un Jalón, Un Volteón, y Otra Vez: High-Risk Crack Smoking Paraphernalia in México City

Valdez

Nowotny

Negi

et al. 2016

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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“…Recent research has documented an emergent crack cocaine diffusion in Mexico (Valdez et al, 2015). Psychopharmacological effects of crack smoking are associated with increased infections and sexual risk practices (Narvaez et al, 2004; Khan et al, 2013; Fischer et al 2013), thus users in Mexico are approaching an epidemic that can contribute to a rapid transmission of HIV, viral Hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and STI knowledge, testing, and risk among adult crack users in Mexico city: baseline findings from a feasibility study

et al. 2016

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Recent research has documented crack cocaine’s increasing spread in Mexico, which is likely to contribute to the rapid transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In Mexico, crack use is increasing most rapidly in vulnerable, hard to reach populations, where little is known about risk behaviors. This report aims to present baseline data regarding HIV and STI knowledge and testing prevalence from an innovative projection mapping HIV intervention, in which 3-D illusions, animation, and visual text graphics and sound are projected onto buildings with health messages that were designed to disrupt everyday life and connect with the target population. Fifty-eight men and women who used crack in the past month without receiving drug treatment were recruited and interviewed before the projection mapping intervention took place. Testing instruments included a socio-demographic assessment, drug use and treatment profile, HIV and STI knowledge questionnaires, and a sex and drug risk assessment. The mean scores for respondents on the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (10.5 out of 18, 58.3%) and STD Knowledge Questionnaire (9.5 out of 27, 35.2%) were both low. Respondents also reported high rates of sexual risk behaviors, with 73% reporting never using a condom and 64% never being tested for HIV. This report provides a portrait of STI and HIV risk among a vulnerable population in Mexico City and the need for urgent interventions to prevent the spread of STIs and HIV. The associated projection mapping intervention will seek to increase HIV and STI knowledge and reduce risk in this hard to reach population.

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Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in oral mucosa cells of crack and cocaine users: a cross-sectional study

Rabelo

Salgueiro

Visioli

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Emerging patterns of crack use in Mexico City

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Un Jalón, Un Volteón, y Otra Vez: High-Risk Crack Smoking Paraphernalia in México City

Un Jalón, Un Volteón, y Otra Vez: High-Risk Crack Smoking Paraphernalia in México City

HIV and STI knowledge, testing, and risk among adult crack users in Mexico city: baseline findings from a feasibility study

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in oral mucosa cells of crack and cocaine users: a cross-sectional study

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