Emerging opportunities and challenges for HIV prevention, treatment and care for MSM in the former Soviet Union and other post-communist states in Eastern Europe

Historical evolution of healthcare systems of post-soviet Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, and Azerbaijan: A scoping review

“…Over the past decade, the proportion of HIV-positive people who were diagnosed, received treatment, and achieved a suppressed viral load increased as a result of improvements in HIV services provided at the level of primary care. Overall, the nations had been consistently increasing access to preventive and curative services, such as testing and counseling, informational and educational work, provision of free condoms, needles and syringes, quick testing, and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission [ 74 ]. Nonetheless, significant barriers were identified, including stigma against patients and a lack of motivation among medical professionals [ 75 ].…”

Assessing the health and well-being of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men around the world

“…Amirkhanian3 describes the disparities in HIV epidemic control measures for MSM in Eastern European states. Most countries outside the former Soviet Union implemented relatively effective public health policies, with initiatives involving the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community.…”