Emerging of Inorganic Hole Transporting Materials For Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Hole transporting material (HTM) is a significant component to achieve the high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Over the years, inorganic, organic and hybrid (organic-inorganic) material based HTMs have been developed and investigated successfully. Today, perovskite solar cells achieved the efficiency of 22.1 % with with 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,Ndi-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as HTM. Nevertheless, synthesis and cost of organic HTMs is a major challenging issue and therefore alternative materials are required. From the past few years, inorganic HTMs showed large improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Recently CuO x reached the PCE of 19.0% with better stability. These developments affirms that inorganic HTMs are better alternativesto the organic HTMs for next generation PSCs. In this report, we mainly focussed on the recent advances of inorganic and hybrid HTMs for PSCs and highlighted the efficiency and stability of PSCs improved by changing metal oxides as HTMs. Consequently, we expect that energy levels of these inorganic HTMs matches very well with the valence band of perovskites and improved efficiency helps in future practical deployment of low cost PSCs.

Recent Progress and Emerging Applications of Rare Earth Doped Phosphor Materials for Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

“…Under long term storage or exposure to environment, solvent exudation is unavoidable and also dye molecules degrade slowly detaching from the anode material. In this direction to solve these issues, dye is replaced with perovskite and liquid electrolytes by solid state hole transporting materials which are more advantageous especially in large‐scale application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) . The perovskite materials have enticed vast interest compared to DSC devices due to their exponential increase in the efficiency of 22.1 % within a short span of time.…”

“…But the major research activity in this field focusses in controlling crystallization to prepare perovskite layers with good morphology. Owed to their characteristic optical bandgap of ∼1.55 eV, however the commonly used perovskite material (MAPbI 3 ) absorbs the incident light with wavelength from 350–800 nm . Thus, a large portion of the solar spectrum over the visible and NIR region is inevitably wasted.…”

Role of Co‐Sensitizers in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

“…Solar cells fabricated on plastic substrates are a promising alternative and have exhibited remarkable performance and stability. For example, organic photovoltaics (OPVs), dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among this class of photovoltaic devices …”

Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cell Device Using Novel Inorganic P-Type Hole Transport Materials

“…Primary nanocrystals interact with each other and these interactions entail repulsive force ( i.e. steric and electrostatic repulsions) and 27 attractive force ( i.e. van der Waals force).…”

“…It is essential to understand design requirements and the working principle of HTM in PSCs. For HTMs to be employed in PSCs, they should exhibit good hole mobility, which enhances the fill factor(FF), good transparency in the visible light region, which reduces optical losses, and excellent chemical and thermal stability [27].…”