Emerging of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci isolated from clinical and food samples in Algeria

Achek, Rachid; Hotzel, Helmut; Cantekin, Zafer; Nabi, Ibrahim; Hamdi, Taha Mossadak; Neubauer, Heinrich; El-Adawy, Hosny

doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3762-2

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Staphylococcus aureus can colonize the skin and the anterior nares of individuals and is carried by an important proportion of the population (Ferreira et al ). As expected, and according to with many investigations, the human Staphylococcus isolates show the highest level of resistance (Madahi et al ; Safarpoor Dehkordi et al ; Achek et al ). Effectively, all the S. aureus carried nasally were resistant to fusidic acid, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacine, oxacillin and Penicillin GG.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In our study, it was noted a low correlation between phenotypic and genotypic detection of resistance to methicillin. This finding was also reported in Greece (Papadopoulos et al ), Poland (Chajecka‐Wierzchowska et al ; Fijałkowski et al ) and Algeria (Achek et al ). According to some studies, the non‐concordance of phenotypic resistance against ß‐lactam and the mecA gene presence may be a result of possible unknown resistance genes or it may constitute an intrinsic resistance.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles ofStaphylococcussp. isolated from food, food contact surfaces and food handlers in a Moroccan hospital kitchen

Touimi

Bennani

Berrada

et al. 2020

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Food poisoning risk related to the consumption of contaminated food with known foodborne pathogens or antibiotic‐resistant bacteria is currently a serious threat for public health. Thus, pathogenic methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus strains are considered as one of the major cause of foodborne diseases in hospitals. The present study aims to determine the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus in various types of hospital food samples, work surfaces and its carriage by food handlers. A total of 608 collected samples including 300 food samples, 238 food contact surfaces and 70 nasal and hand samples were tested. The identified Staphylococcus and their antibiotic resistance patterns were analysed using the agar disk‐diffusion and PCR method was used for mecA resistance gene amplification. The prevalence of S. aureus and the coagulase‐negative staphylococci were 17·33 and 23·33%, respectively. The antibiotic resistance reached 100% towards oxacillin and Penicillin G for both S. aureus and CoNs. The mecA gene was detected in 5·71% (4/70) and 7·69% (4/52) of S. aureus and CoNs strains, respectively. The outcome of this study enlightens isolation of MRSA strains and resistant CoNs from food, food contact surfaces and food handlers. The presence of this resistant species in this critical setting, where products were intended to vulnerable and immunocompromised patients, represents a serious threat to this community. It can be a source of nosocomial infection and more precautions must be taken to prevent staphylococci food contamination mainly in hospitals. Significance and Impact of the Study This is the first study describing the antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus isolated from hospital food, food contact surfaces and food handlers samples in a Moroccan hospital kitchen. High levels of multi‐resistance were reported. The alarming outcome of this study emphasizes the crucial need of implementing an approach to fight multidrug‐resistant staphylococci mainly in healthcare settings, where the community have already compromised health issues.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles ofStaphylococcussp. isolated from food, food contact surfaces and food handlers in a Moroccan hospital kitchen

Touimi

Bennani

Berrada

et al. 2020

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…In an Algerian study, erythromycin resistance was much lower (37.8%) than in our study (65%). However, the authors of the Algerian study included S. aureus from food, nosocomial, and community-acquired infections and identified only the ermC gene [6,19]; the fact that we only isolated strains from nosocomial pneumonia, whereas the other studies used different sources, could explain the differences observed. (Strains 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Yilmaz et al identified nine strains of S. aureus with the tetM gene and ten with the tetK gene [20]. Finally, Achek et al detected both the tetK and tetM genes in ten S. aureus isolates from clinical samples [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains from the endotracheal tubes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia

Cabrera

Fernández-Barat

Motos

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background: Among all cases of nosocomial pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus is the second most prevalent pathogen (17.8%). In Europe, 29.9% of the isolates are oxacillin-resistant. The changing epidemiology of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nosocomial infections and the decreasing susceptibility to first-line antibiotics leave clinicians with few therapeutic options. The objective of our study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, the associated molecular mechanisms of resistance and the epidemiological relatedness of MRSA strains isolated from the endotracheal tubes (ETT) of intubated critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with nosocomial pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, gentamicin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline were measured. Resistance mechanisms were then analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Molecular epidemiology was carried out by multi-locus sequence typing. Results: S. aureus isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and fusidic acid. The most frequent mutations in quinolone-resistant S. aureus strains were S84L in the gyrA gene, V511A in the gyrB gene, S144P in the grlA gene, and K401R/E in the grlB gene. Strains resistant to erythromycin carried the ermC, ermA, and msrA genes; the same ermC and ermA genes were detected in strains resistant to clindamycin. The aac(6′)-aph(2″) gene was related to gentamicin resistance, while resistance to tetracycline was related to tetK (efflux pump). The fusB gene was detected in the strain resistant to fusidic acid. The most frequent sequence types were ST22, ST8, and ST217, which were distributed in four clonal complexes (CC5, CC22, CC45, and CC59).

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“…isolated MRSA; they found the nasal carriage of S. aureus to be significantly associated with cancer and previous hospitalization for kidney failure due to immunological suppression and hemodialysis. The MRSA isolates ST239 ( n = 60), ST80 ( n = 27), ST5 ( n = 2), ST22 ( n = 2), and ST535 ( n = 1) harbored mecA . In another study in Algeria, typing of 64 MRSA isolated from human pus ( n = 47), venous catheters ( n = 7), tracheal aspirates ( n = 4), puncture fluids ( n = 3), blood ( n = 2), and urine ( n = 1) in 64 patients found that 50 were hospital‐acquired MRSA (HA‐MRSA) and 14 were community‐acquired MRSA (CA‐MRSA); mecA , mobilized by SCC mec , was the only detected mechanism of resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective

Sekyere

Mensah

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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A systematic review of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English‐language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health–related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.

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Emerging of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci isolated from clinical and food samples in Algeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles ofStaphylococcussp. isolated from food, food contact surfaces and food handlers in a Moroccan hospital kitchen

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles ofStaphylococcussp. isolated from food, food contact surfaces and food handlers in a Moroccan hospital kitchen

Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains from the endotracheal tubes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia

Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective

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