Emerging mycotoxins and reproductive effects in animals: A short review

Chiminelli, Ilaria; Spicer, L. J.; Maylem, Excel Rio S.; Caloni, F.

doi:10.1002/jat.4311

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These mycotoxins have acute and chronic toxicity and cause carcinogenic and mutagenic effects as well as reproductive toxicity [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Among the emerging mycotoxins, defined as “mycotoxins, which are neither routinely determined, nor legislatively regulated” [ 9 ] are the enniatins (ENNs; A, A1, B, B1) which have been isolated in food and feed products and pose a serious risk on human and animal health [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Some data exists regarding ENNs toxicity, concentration levels, occurrence, and metabolism [ 7 , 8 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effects of Enniatin A on Steroidogenesis and Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells

Chiminelli

Spicer

Maylem

et al. 2022

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) have been the focus of new research because of their well-documented existence in various cereal and grain products. Research findings indicate that reproductive disorders may be caused by exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins, but little work has evaluated ENNs on reproductive function. Therefore, to determine the effects of ENNA on the proliferation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells (GC), experiments were conducted using bovine GC cultures. In vitro, ENNA (1–5 μM) inhibited (p < 0.05) hormone-induced GC progesterone and estradiol production. The inhibitory effect of ENNA on estradiol production was more pronounced in small- than large-follicle GC. In large-follicle GC, 0.3 μM ENNA had no effect (p > 0.10) whereas 1 and 3 μM ENNA inhibited GC proliferation. In small-follicle GC, ENNA (1–5 μM) dramatically decreased (p < 0.05) GC proliferation. Using cell number data, the IC50 of ENNA was estimated at 2 μM for both follicle sizes. We conclude that ENNA can directly inhibit ovarian function in cattle, decreasing the proliferation and steroid production of GC.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effects of Enniatin A on Steroidogenesis and Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells

Chiminelli

Spicer

Maylem

et al. 2022

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, emerging mycotoxins cause mitochondria-mediated cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that they may be detrimental to human health if left unchecked (Chiminelli et al 2022). When regulated and emerging mycotoxins coexist on natural matrices, more damage is observed (Pérez-Fuentes et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxins in Chicken Feed and Eggs from Algeria

Laouni,

Hernández-Mesa,

Messai

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poultry farming has developed into one of Algeria's most productive agricultural indus-tries because of the growing demand for sources of protein among Algerian society. Laying hen feed consists mainly of cereals, which can be contaminated with molds and subsequently with their secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. These later can pose a serious danger to the produc-tion and quality of eggs in the commercial layer industry. This work focuses on the detection of emerging mycotoxins, mainly enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA), in poultry feed and eggs from different locations in Algeria. Two different QuEChERS-based extractions were established to extract ENNs and BEA from chicken feed and eggs. The determination of mycotoxins occurrence was achieved by a UHPLC-MS/MS method using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and MeOH as mobile phase, an ESI interface operating in positive mode and a triple quadrupole mass spectrom-eter operating in MRM for the detection. Matrix-matched calibration curves were carried out for both matrices, obtaining good linearity (R2 > 0.99). The method performance was assessed in terms of extraction recovery (from 87% to 107%), matrix effect (from -47% to -86%), precision (RSD < 15%) and limits of quantitation (≤1.1 µg/kg for feed and ≤ 0.8 µg/kg for eggs). The analysis of 10 chicken feed samples and 35 egg samples showed that ENN B1 was the most common mycotoxin (i.e. found in 9 samples) with contamination levels ranging from 3.6 to 41.5 µg/kg, while BEA was detected only in one sample (12 µg/kg). However, eggs were not found to be contaminated with any my-cotoxin at the detection limit levels. Our findings indicate that the searched mycotoxins are present in traces in feed and absent in eggs. This can be explained by the application of mycotoxins binder. However, this does not put a stop on the conduction of additional research and ultimately setting regulations to prevent the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins.

show abstract

“…Enniatins and beauvericin are cyclodepsipeptides that are often classified as emerging mycotoxins because they are not regulated, and thus, there is little routine testing conducted for them. In animal studies, BEA, ENN, and MON can cause reproductive disruption in both males and females and increased offspring mortality ( Chiminelli et al, 2022 ). In the study on CBD gelatin capsules, one sample contained three enniatins at levels similar to those of ZEA ( Narváez et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Mycotoxins In Cannabis and Hempmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research

Gwinn,

Leung,

Stephens

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Medicinal and recreational uses of Cannabis sativa, commonly known as cannabis or hemp, has increased following its legalization in certain regions of the world. Cannabis and hemp plants interact with a community of microbes (i.e., the phytobiome), which can influence various aspects of the host plant. The fungal composition of the C. sativa phytobiome (i.e., mycobiome) currently consists of over 100 species of fungi, which includes phytopathogens, epiphytes, and endophytes, This mycobiome has often been understudied in research aimed at evaluating the safety of cannabis products for humans. Medical research has historically focused instead on substance use and medicinal uses of the plant. Because several components of the mycobiome are reported to produce toxic secondary metabolites (i.e., mycotoxins) that can potentially affect the health of humans and animals and initiate opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, there is a need to determine the potential health risks that these contaminants could pose for consumers. This review discusses the mycobiome of cannabis and hemp flowers with a focus on plant-infecting and toxigenic fungi that are most commonly found and are of potential concern (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Mucor spp.). We review current regulations for molds and mycotoxins worldwide and review assessment methods including culture-based assays, liquid chromatography, immuno-based technologies, and emerging technologies for these contaminants. We also discuss approaches to reduce fungal contaminants on cannabis and hemp and identify future research needs for contaminant detection, data dissemination, and management approaches. These approaches are designed to yield safer products for all consumers.

show abstract

Emerging mycotoxins and reproductive effects in animals: A short review

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

In Vitro Effects of Enniatin A on Steroidogenesis and Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells

In Vitro Effects of Enniatin A on Steroidogenesis and Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells

Occurrence of Emerging Mycotoxins in Chicken Feed and Eggs from Algeria

Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About