Emerging microalgae technology: a review

Pierobon, Scott C.; Cheng, Xiang; Graham, Percival J.; Nguyen, Brian; Karakolis, Evan G.; Sinton, David

doi:10.1039/c7se00236j

Cited by 80 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 389 publications

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“…In DEP-based cell manipulation and sorting, the movement of polarizable particles, such as cells, in an inhomogeneous electric field is dependent on their intrinsic dielectric properties in comparison to Despite these advances, many challenges still remain [15][16][17]. Identifying and developing strains with higher productivity, improved understanding of their behaviors under diverse cultivation conditions, and better insights into the heterogeneous population are all some of the key advances that have to be made in the upstream process of microalgae biotechnology and bioprocessing [16,[18][19][20][21][22]]. Yet, these development processes are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, posing as a significant bottleneck.…”

Section: Dep Technology For Cell Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation, Characterization, and Handling of Microalgae by Dielectrophoresis

et al. 2020

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Microalgae biotechnology has a high potential for sustainable bioproduction of diverse high-value biomolecules. Some of the main bottlenecks in cell-based bioproduction, and more specifically in microalgae-based bioproduction, are due to insufficient methods for rapid and efficient cell characterization, which contributes to having only a few industrially established microalgal species in commercial use. Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic devices have been long established as promising tools for label-free handling, characterization, and separation of broad ranges of cells. The technique is based on differences in dielectric properties and sizes, which results in different degrees of cell movement under an applied inhomogeneous electrical field. The method has also earned interest for separating microalgae based on their intrinsic properties, since their dielectric properties may significantly change during bioproduction, in particular for lipid-producing species. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic devices that are used for handling, characterization, and separation of microalgae. Additionally, we provide a perspective on related areas of research in cell-based bioproduction that can benefit from dielectrophoresis-based microdevices. This work provides key information that will be useful for microalgae researchers to decide whether dielectrophoresis and which method is most suitable for their particular application.

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Section: Dep Technology For Cell Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation, Characterization, and Handling of Microalgae by Dielectrophoresis

et al. 2020

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“…data) and are currently considered for scale-up. Porous substrate bioreactors (PSBR), in particular of the twin-layer type (Nowack et al 2005), have recently attracted considerable attention as an alternative to low density autotrophic suspension cultures (reviews by Mantzorou and Ververides 2019;Podola et al 2017;Pierobon et al 2018;Zhuang et al 2018). The low energy demands for water circulation, as well as the low water footprint and content of the biomass and associated ease of harvesting and processing of biomass, make these systems attractive for applications in bioremediation, biotechnology and biorefinery processes.…”

Section: Dha Content and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm cultivation of marine dinoflagellates under different temperatures and nitrogen regimes enhances DHA productivity

et al. 2020

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Dinoflagellates contain large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, including the nutritionally important docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, their cultivation in suspensions is characterized by low growth rates. Twin-layer porous substrate photobioreactors (TL-PSBRs) have been shown to support growth of different microalgal species, including the robust dinoflagellate Symbiodinium voratum. In the present study, the potential of cultivating marine autotrophic dinoflagellate species in a TL-PSBR for DHA production was explored. Based on initial screening experiments, two Symbiodinium species with high biomass and DHA productivities were selected: the symbiotic Symbiodinium microadriaticum CCAC 2475 B and the free-living Symbiodinium voratum CCAC 3869 B. The effects of three different temperatures (17, 22 and 27°C) and nitrogen regimes (nitrate, ammonium and nitrogen-free) on biomass growth, total lipid accumulation and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content, with emphasis on DHA, were evaluated. The two lower temperatures (17 and 22°C) enhanced growth and total lipid accumulation of S. microadriaticum CCAC 2475 B and S. voratum CCAC 3869 B. Cultivation at 22°C and nitrogen limitation led to a significant positive effect on DHA productivity. Symbiodinium. microadriaticum CCAC 2475 B reached a DHA productivity of 145.4 mg m −2 day −1 and DHA content in the dry biomass of 2% (w/w) after 4 days of nitrogen depletion. The results of the present study demonstrated that autotrophic dinoflagellates, when cultivated on a TL-PSBR, produce comparable amounts of lipids and fatty acids to other commercially used microalgal species including the valuable DHA.

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“…While light, temperature and CO 2 supplies can be easily controlled at laboratory scale, therefore producing best biomass yields, biomass productivities are typically reduced in large volume suspension-based systems, due to light and carbon limitation, particularly in raceway pond cultivation (Pierobon et al, 2018). Under outdoor large-scale cultivation conditions, improved solar and carbon supplies can be achieved in closed bioreactors, but this adds energy and infrastructure costs, limiting suitability to high-value product development (Pierobon et al, 2018). In contrast, cyanobacterial biofilm reactors are better suited for cost-effective biomass production and are frequently used for wastewater treatment (Hoh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyanobacterial biofilm cultivation requires minimal water supplies, gas exchange (CO 2 absorption and O 2 venting) is more efficient and harvesting is energy-efficient (Heimann, 2016). Recently developed porous substrate biofilm reactors show efficient light -, carbonand water utilization and scale-up of this technology is easily possible, making them a promising technology for economical microalgal/microbial biomass production (Pierobon et al, 2018). For example, cyanobacterial biomass productivity was greater in rotating biofilm reactors without aeration or additional CO 2supplementation compared to suspension reactors (Gross and Wen, 2014), but the adhesion process for mat establishment is sensitive to shear forces, and species-and substrate-dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioproduct Potential of Outdoor Cultures of Tolypothrix sp.: Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Metal-Rich Wastewater

Velu

Cirés

Brinkman

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Rising CO 2 levels, associated climatic instability, freshwater scarcity and diminishing arable land exacerbate the challenge to maintain food security for the fast growing human population. Although coal-fired power plants generate large amounts of CO 2 emissions and wastewater, containing environmentally unsafe concentrations of metals, they ensure energy security. Nitrogen (N 2 )-fixation by cyanobacteria eliminate nitrogen fertilization costs, making them promising candidates for remediation of waste CO 2 and metals from macronutrient-poor ash dam water and the biomass is suitable for phycocyanin and biofertilizer product development. Here, the effects of CO 2 and metal mixtures on growth, bioproduct and metal removal potential were investigated for the self-flocculating, N 2 -fixing freshwater cyanobacterium Tolypothrix sp. Tolypothrix sp. was grown outdoors in simulated ash dam wastewater (SADW) in 500 L vertical bag suspension cultures and as biofilms in modified algal-turf scrubbers. The cultivation systems were aerated with air containing either 15% CO 2 (v/v) or not. CO 2 -fertilization resulted in ∼1.25-and 1.45-fold higher biomass productivities and ∼40 and 27% increased phycocyanin and phycoerythrin contents for biofilm and suspension cultures, respectively. CO 2 had no effect on removal of Al, As, Cu, Fe, Sr, and Zn, while Mo removal increased by 37% in both systems. In contrast, Ni removal was reduced in biofilm systems, while Se removal increased by 73% in suspension cultures. Based on biomass yields and biochemical data obtained, net present value (NPV) and sensitivities analyses used four bioproduct scenarios: (1) phycocyanin sole product, (2) biofertilizer sole product, (3) 50% phycocyanin and 50% biofertilizer, and (4) 100% phycocyanin and 100% biofertilizer (residual biomass) for power station co-located and not colocated 10 ha facilities over a 20-year period. Economic feasibility for the production of food-grade phycocyanin either as a sole product or with co-production of biofertilizer was demonstrated for CO 2 -enriched vertical and raceway suspension cultures raised without nitrogen-fertilization and co-location with power stations significantly increased profit margins.

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Emerging microalgae technology: a review

Abstract: Cultivating microalgae has the potential to produce biofuels and bioproducts from solar energy with low land use and without competing with food crops.

Cited by 80 publications

References 389 publications

Separation, Characterization, and Handling of Microalgae by Dielectrophoresis

Separation, Characterization, and Handling of Microalgae by Dielectrophoresis

Biofilm cultivation of marine dinoflagellates under different temperatures and nitrogen regimes enhances DHA productivity

Bioproduct Potential of Outdoor Cultures of Tolypothrix sp.: Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Metal-Rich Wastewater

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