Emerging magnetic resonance imaging techniques in open spina bifida in utero

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential diagnostic modality for congenital disorders of the central nervous system. Recent advancements have transformed foetal MRI into a clinically feasible tool, and in an effort to find predictors of clinical outcomes in spinal dysraphism, foetal MRI began to unveil its potential. The purpose of our review is to introduce MRI techniques to experts with diverse backgrounds, who are involved in the management of spina bifida. We introduce advanced foetal MRI postprocessing potentially improving the diagnostic work-up. Importantly, we discuss how postprocessing can lead to a more efficient utilisation of foetal or neonatal MRI data to depict relevant anatomical characteristics. We provide a critical perspective on how structural, diffusion and metabolic MRI are utilised in an endeavour to shed light on the correlates of impaired development. We found that the literature is consistent about the value of MRI in providing morphological cues about hydrocephalus development, hindbrain herniation or outcomes related to shunting and motor functioning. MRI techniques, such as foetal diffusion MRI or diffusion tractography, are still far from clinical use; however, postnatal studies using these methods revealed findings that may reflect early neural correlates of upstream neuronal damage in spinal dysraphism.

The Role of Fetal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Current Fetal Medicine

“…The application of our atlas for automated segmentation of fetal brain MRIs with open spinal dysraphism did result in a more accurate segmentation compared to those based on other atlases that used normal fetal brains. This illustrates, as suggested by Jakab et al [ 41 ]. the potential of 3D SVR techniques with automated segmentation.…”

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for osteoporotic vertebrae fractures and femoral neck fractures

“…[9] MRI can provide 3-dimensional (3D) images with high spatial resolution, high penetration and high contrast without adverse effects on the body. [10] Therefore, MRI has great potential superiority in the diagnosis of diseases.…”

A Spectrum of Spina Bifida: A Study of Neurosurgery Department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, DI Khan

“…Prenatal MRI is an emerging advanced technology that predicts defects and other abnormalities with precision. 10 The management options included intrauterine repair or repair within one week of birth. According to the MOMS (Management of Myelomeningocele Study) trial prenatal surgery decreases the need for shunting and improves motor and sensory function and reverses hindbrain herniation but postnatal intrauterine scar and premature birth chances increases.…”