Emerging Issues in the Measurement of Rape Victimization

Cook, Sarah; Gidycz, Christine A.; Koss, Mary P.; Murphy, Megan J.

doi:10.1177/1077801210397741

Cited by 175 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…According to the World Health Organization [89], the gold standard in assessing violent victimizations pertains to direct, behaviorally-related questions as opposed to global questions. Additionally, using a single-item measure might have led to underestimated prevalence rates [90,91]. Although we used a single-item measure in the present study, the utilized question was comparatively broad: Not only were cases of completed as well as attempted rape included, but also enforced “similar activities”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence against Women in Germany: Prevalence and Risk Markers

Hellmann¹,

Kinninger

Kliem

2018

IJERPH

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Previous research has repeatedly shown that gender-based violence affects a considerable proportion of women in any given population. Apart from providing current estimates of the prevalence of sexual violence against women in Germany, we identified specific risk markers applying an advanced statistical method. We analyzed data from a survey of N = 4450 women representative of the German population, conducted by the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony in 2011. Lifetime prevalence for experiencing sexual violence was 5.4% for women aged 21–40 years (five-year prevalence: 2.5%). Non-parametric conditional inference tree (C-Tree) analyses revealed that physical and sexual abuse during childhood as well as being divorced, separated, or widowed was the most informative constellation of risk markers, increasing the five-year prevalence rate of experienced sexual violence victimizations up to 17.0%. Furthermore, knowing about the official penalization of marital rape was related to a lower victimization risk for women without a history of parental violence. Possible explanations for these findings as well as implications for future research are critically discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence against Women in Germany: Prevalence and Risk Markers

Hellmann¹,

Kinninger

Kliem

2018

IJERPH

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“…The use of a behaviorally specific screening question with follow-up questions about the specifics of the incident represents a two-stage design that is being increasingly used in sexual assault research to “address the measurement error typically associated with a single-stage measurement process” (Fisher, 2009, p. 144); although research on the accuracy of a two-stage procedure is still in its infancy (Cook, Gidycz, Koss, & Murphy, 2011), it is used by the National Crime Victimization Survey and other standard surveys.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Sexual Victimization and Year in School in U.S. Colleges

Cranney

2014

J Interpers Violence

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It is the conventional wisdom among some universities that the highest risk of sexual assault is in the first or possibly second year in school. While initially belief in this pattern was primarily based on anecdote, recently some attempts have been made to more systematically and quantitatively test the existence of a “red zone,” a time of heightened risk of sexual assault sometime near the beginning of a female student's time at the college. However, most of these studies have been conducted with relatively small convenience samples from single schools and have had conflicting results. Here, I test the red zone hypothesis using self-reported sexual victimization data with a large sample (∼16,000) drawn from 22 schools as part of the Online College Social Life Survey. To investigate the specific mechanisms responsible for the red zone, I separately test for the existence of a red zone for four different types of sexual victimizations: physically forced intercourse, attempted forced intercourse, unwanted intercourse when incapacitated, and unwanted intercourse due to verbal pressure. Within these categories, I separately address sexual victimization that occurred while hanging out and sexual victimization during a party. Prior literature has emphasized the role of parties in the increased risk of assault for freshman. While I find some evidence for this in the higher estimates for sexual victimization at a party, the freshman effect remains for other types of sexual victimizations, suggesting that the red zone is not easily attributable to a single mechanistic cause, but to more generalizable factors. With one exception, I find that the red zone does not extend into the sophomore year.

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“…Several behaviorally specific questions are recommended to increase opportunities for disclosure. 35,36 cOnclusIOns With this study, we are the first to present nationally representative data on the association between 2 types of DVV (physical and sexual) and NMUPD among male and female high school students. Although the mechanisms behind the associations we observed are likely complex and temporality cannot be determined from our data, it is important to consider addressing substance use broadly to include NMUPD in preventive interventions for teenaged DV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%