Emerging investigator series: surfactants, films, and coatings on atmospheric aerosol particles: a review

Wokosin, Kevin A.; Schell, Emma L.; Faust, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1039/d2ea00003b

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 505 publications

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“…Ionic strength could also affect PO multiphase transformation pathways by providing a higher concentration of electrolytes in the aqueous phase, which could hinder the dissociation of reaction intermediates and shift the equilibrium. , Recent evidence showed that the photochemical and photocatalytic kinetics can be significantly accelerated by moving from the bulk phase to microdroplets, which further exhibited a size-dependent acceleration . Extended effective surface area, unique air–water interfacial properties, light enrichment, and imhomogeneous distribution of reactive species (e.g., proton) have been proposed to characterize aerosol/droplet chemistry. , In return, it also remains largely unknown how the multiphase reaction pathways of POs can vary the interfacial properties of aerosol as well as microdroplets. , In the future, investigations on these factors and other properties are needed when designing experiments to understand PO multiphase transformation pathways under atmospherically relevant conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…421,477 In return, it also remains largely unknown how the multiphase reaction pathways of POs can vary the interfacial properties of aerosol as well as microdroplets. 478,479 In the future, investigations on these factors and other properties are needed when designing experiments to understand PO multiphase transformation pathways under atmospherically relevant conditions. 8.2.6.…”

Section: Po Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere

et al. 2023

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Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (−O−O−) functional groups. POs are commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve as temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HO x and RO x ) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gasparticle partitioning behavior, and reactivity, POs are key reactive intermediates in atmospheric multiphase processes determining the life cycle (formation, growth, and aging), climate, and health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps in the origin, molecular diversity, and fate of POs due to their complex nature and dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize the current understanding on atmospheric POs, with a focus on their identification and quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, multiphase chemical transformation pathways, as well as environmental and health impacts. We find that interactions with SO 2 and transition metal ions are generally the fast PO transformation pathways in atmospheric liquid water, with lifetimes estimated to be minutes to hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important for α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis and thermolysis are likely minor sinks for POs. These multiphase PO transformation pathways are distinctly different from their gas-phase fates, such as photolysis and reaction with OH radicals, which highlights the need to understand the multiphase partitioning of POs. By summarizing the current advances and remaining challenges for the investigation of POs, we propose future research priorities regarding their origin, fate, and impacts in the atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Po Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere

et al. 2023

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“…The term “surfactant” comes from “surface active agents”, which are molecules that adsorb on the water–surface interface and reduce water’s surface tension to enhance the cleaning of surfaces. , They are also known as amphiphiles because they have polar heads, also known as hydrophilic heads, that have an attraction for polar solvents, and nonpolar tails, also known as hydrophobic tails. , The molecular structures of these molecules help reduce the cohesive forces between water molecules, resulting in the lowering of surface tension. − They possess other qualities that allow them to be used in applications other than lowering surface tension , such as emulsifiers, − foaming agents, − corrosion inhibitors, − and antistatic agents. − Surfactants have been used in practically every industry because of their physicochemical characteristics . These include paints, inks, , coatings, − adhesives, paper and pulp, petroleum and oil, plastics, resins, textiles and fibers, detergents, agricultural, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and various industrial applications . Originally, surfactants were only created from renewable resources such as plant oils or animal fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Surfactants (Biosurfactants): A Petroleum-Free Substitute for Sustainability─Comparison, Applications, Market, and Future Prospects

et al. 2023

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Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic molecules (i.e., having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains) that are a vital part of nearly every contemporary industrial process such as in agriculture, medicine, personal care, food, and petroleum. In general surfactants can be derived from (i) petroleum-based sources or (ii) microbial/plant origins. Petroleum-based surfactants are obvious results from petroleum products, which lead to petroleum pollution and thus pose severe problems to the environment leading to various ecological damages. Thus, newer techniques have been suggested for deriving surfactant molecules and maintaining environmental sustainability. Biosurfactants are surfactants of microbial or plant origins and offer much added advantages such as high biodegradability, lesser toxicity, ease of raw material availability, and easy applicability. Thus, they are also termed "green surfactants". In this regard, this review focused on the advantages of biosurfactants over the synthetic surfactants produced from petroleum-based products along with their potential applications in different industries. We also provided their market aspects and future directions that can be considered with selections of biosurfactants. This would open up new avenues for surfactant research by overcoming the existing bottlenecks in this field.

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“…Due to their amphiphilic nature, organic acids tend to partition to the gas−aerosol interface, reducing the surface tension of the particle, affecting cloud formation, and potentially forming a physical barrier to gas uptake. 5,6 While the barrier effect is most pronounced for long-chain fatty acids which have strong interactions among the tail groups of neighboring molecules, small, semivolatile amphiphilic species have also been shown to partition to the gas−aerosol interface, impacting aerosol properties. 7 The smallest organic acids, formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), constitute a quarter of nonmethane organics in the atmosphere.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Formic and Acetic Acids to the Gas/Aerosol Interface

Qian

Brown

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Atmospheric aerosol particles are abundant and ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. Organic acid species in aerosols have an understudied effect on the environment and human well-being due to their unique interfacial properties. While it is widely accepted that the chemical and physical evolution of aerosol particles in the atmosphere is closely connected to interface-related phenomena, interface-specific methods suitable for investigating these topics in situ have only recently become available. In this study, we elaborate on the recent development of vibrational sum frequency scattering (VSFS) spectroscopy as an interface-specific method for the in situ investigation of the surfaces of submicron aerosol particles suspended in gas. We demonstrate the ability of VSFS to characterize formic and acetic acids, alone and together, at the surfaces of aqueous aerosol particles. We evaluate molecular ordering at the gas/aerosol particle interface by examining polarization-resolved VSFS spectra. Lastly, we quantitatively analyze the interfacial affinity of simple organics for the air/liquid interface, for submicron aerosol surfaces and bulk planar liquid surfaces. These results further support the use of VSFS as an analytical technique for probing the surfaces of small droplets and aerosols and provide insights into differences between the chemistry of planar and highly curved surfaces, with potential significance for atmospheric aerosol chemistry.

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Emerging investigator series: surfactants, films, and coatings on atmospheric aerosol particles: a review

Abstract: Surfactants are surface-active molecules or ions that can often be found at the surface of atmospheric aerosol particles. Some surfactants, such as biomolecules in marine aerosol and cooking oils in...

Cited by 15 publications

References 505 publications

Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere

Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere

Green Surfactants (Biosurfactants): A Petroleum-Free Substitute for Sustainability─Comparison, Applications, Market, and Future Prospects

Partitioning of Formic and Acetic Acids to the Gas/Aerosol Interface

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