Emerging interactively stretchable electronics with optical and electrical dual-signal feedbacks based on structural color materials

Color-Shifting Iontronic Skin for On-Site, Nonpixelated Pressure Mapping Visualization

“…However, pressure mapping on e-skins usually relies on the fabrication of high-density sensor arrays and display panels, which greatly increases device complexity and necessitates complicated back-end data computing modules. On the other hand, incorporating on-site pressure visualization function into e-skins not only provides the spatial information on applied loads but also renders a more intuitive and straightforward perception of tactile stimuli, which has long been pursued in the advanced design of e-skins. − …”

Recent Advances in Interactive Mechanosensory Electronics with Luminescence/Coloration Outputs for Wearable Applications

“…Under environmental stimuli, the lattice spacing of the nanocrystal arrays changed quickly, realizing a variation in skin color. Inspired by these attractive phenomena, new types of interactive mechanosensory electronics that visualize mechanical stimuli via various optical outputs such as luminescence and color have been developed until now. − To achieve this goal, a wide variety of optical sensing elements, including electroluminescence (EL), − mechanoluminescence (ML), − photoluminescence (PL), ,, triboelectrification-induced EL (TIEL), − electrochromic (EC), − thermochromic (TC), − and mechanochromic (MC), − have been incorporated with mechanosensory electronics. Taking advantage of the visual response features, measured mechanical stimuli can be instantaneously visualized by these interactive devices without complex data acquisitions.…”