Emerging infectious disease prevention: Where should we invest our resources and efforts?

Ellwanger, Joel Henrique; Kaminski, Valéria de Lima; Chies, José Artur Bogo

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.010

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Brazil must maintain a focus on enhancing the capacities related to IHR and UHC, especially those in deficit, and, at the same time, develop measures to prevent outbreaks related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, targeting animals, human sentinels for spillover events, and the general human population 12 . Thus, the country will be more prepared for a globalized world marked by alterations in the environment and human behavior, urbanization, climate change, and increased travel, factors that contribute to the challenging infectious diseases epidemics.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Brazil prepared for the new era of infectious disease epidemics?

Vicente

2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Brazil prepared for the new era of infectious disease epidemics?

Vicente

2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Emerging infectious diseases are becoming increasingly common [ 12 , 13 ]. The world is increasingly interconnected; therefore, it is essential to identify epidemics early [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A disease with true epidemic potential can grow exponentially within weeks or months; thus, each day of delay is a lost opportunity for prevention [ 15 ]. Rapid prediction, detection, and surveillance of outbreaks are critical in fighting emerging infectious diseases with epidemic potential [ 12 ]. The media may have reported a surge of unknown or undiagnosed cases of severe pneumonia, severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), or other related diseases prior to the official reporting of confirmed COVID-19 confirmed cases in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The media may have reported a surge of unknown or undiagnosed cases of severe pneumonia, severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), or other related diseases prior to the official reporting of confirmed COVID-19 confirmed cases in China. Epidemic intelligence from open-source, informal data can provide early warnings of public health emergencies [ 12 - 14 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Open-Source Intelligence to Detect Early Signals of COVID-19 in China: Descriptive Study

Kpozehouen¹,

Chen²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, and the first cases were officially identified around December 8, 2019. Although the origin of COVID-19 has not been confirmed, approximately half of the early cases were linked to a seafood market in Wuhan. However, the first two documented patients did not visit the seafood market. News reports, social media, and informal sources may provide information about outbreaks prior to formal notification. Objective The aim of this study was to identify early signals of pneumonia or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in China prior to official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 using open-source data. Methods To capture early reports, we searched an open source epidemic observatory, EpiWatch, for SARI or pneumonia-related illnesses in China from October 1, 2019. The searches were conducted using Google and the Chinese search engine Baidu. Results There was an increase in reports following the official notification of COVID-19 to the WHO on December 31, 2019, and a report that appeared on December 26, 2019 was retracted. A report of severe pneumonia on November 22, 2019, in Xiangyang was identified, and a potential index patient was retrospectively identified on November 17. Conclusions The lack of reports of SARI outbreaks prior to December 31, 2019, with a retracted report on December 26, suggests media censorship, given that formal reports indicate that cases began appearing on December 8. However, the findings also support a relatively recent origin of COVID-19 in November 2019. The case reported on November 22 was transferred to Wuhan approximately one incubation period before the first identified cases on December 8; this case should be further investigated, as only half of the early cases were exposed to the seafood market in Wuhan. Another case of COVID-19 has since been retrospectively identified in Hubei on November 17, 2019, suggesting that the infection was present prior to December.

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“…Looking at this scenario from a different perspective, the participation of dogs in the transmission of infectious diseases creates a valuable opportunity when it is not possible, in practice, to control the circulation of dogs in protected or vulnerable areas. In such cases, dogs can be used as sentinels for infectious disease surveillance and even the discovery of new pathogens with potential of infecting humans (Labruna et al, 2007;Pinter et al, 2008;Campos et al, 2016;Bowser and Anderson, 2018;Ellwanger et al, 2019). Currently, there are a number of genetic-based methods which could be employed to achieve these goals (Ellwanger et al, 2017;Gardy and Loman, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The triad “dogs, conservation and zoonotic diseases” – An old and still neglected problem in Brazil

Ellwanger

2019

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

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a b s t r a c tThe presence of domestic/free-ranging dogs in Brazilian protected areas and native vegetation fragments is an important problem, mainly because these animals pose a threat to wild species that live in such areas. In addition, dogs constantly circulate between wildlife environments and urban regions, acting as "bridges" in spillover events. Dogs are traditionally recognized as vectors of zoonoses, which are correct, but their roles as facilitating agents for the "jump" of pathogens from wild animals to humans (and vice versa) are sparsely debated. In this context, this work briefly describes the different roles of dogs in the dynamics and ecology of infectious diseases, using the Brazilian scenario as a study model.

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Emerging infectious disease prevention: Where should we invest our resources and efforts?

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Is Brazil prepared for the new era of infectious disease epidemics?

Is Brazil prepared for the new era of infectious disease epidemics?

Using Open-Source Intelligence to Detect Early Signals of COVID-19 in China: Descriptive Study

The triad “dogs, conservation and zoonotic diseases” – An old and still neglected problem in Brazil

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