“…A first observation is that earlier literature on telecollaboration was more detailed in terms of concrete activities than the later literature on virtual exchanges. Statements in current literature on the topic remain more on the level of goals, such as global citizenship, intercultural communication, social inclusion (Turula, Kurek, & Lewis, 2019), twenty-first century skills, learner agency (Kohn & Hoffstaedter, 2017), critical digital literacy skills (Hauck, 2019), (trans)languaging (Messina Dahlberg & Bagga-Gupta, 2014), learning to learn (Garc ıa-Esteban, Villarreal, & Bueno-Alastuey, 2019), and non-native speaker identity (Helm, 2018). All these are learning goals, not affordances.…”