Emerging HIV-1 epidemic in China in men who have sex with men

Choi, Kyung–Hee; Liu, Hui; Yang, Guo; Han, Lei; Mandel, Jeffrey S.; Rutherford, George W.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13690-2

Cited by 138 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…High prevalence of HIV infection among MSM has been reported in some, but not all metropolitan areas in China, 9,20,[23][24][25][26][27][28] however, high prevalence of syphilis has been consistently reported in different cities across the nation (from 7% in Jiangsu to 27% in Beijing). 10,20,21,25,26 The HIV epidemic took place in Shandong relatively late compared to other parts of China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisexual Behavior and Infection with HIV and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Along the East Coast of China

Liao

Kang

Jiang

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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This study examined the correlates of bisexual behavior and infection with HIV/syphilis among men who have sex with men only (MSM-only) and those who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) in Shandong, China. Cross-sectional surveys probed sociodemographic information, sexual and drug use behaviors, knowledge, and use of prevention services; blood samples were tested for HIV/syphilis status. Of 2996 participants, 39.5% acknowledged being MSMW; 60.5% being MSM-only; 2.5% were HIV-infected with similar rates for MSMW (2.5%) and MSM-only (2.6%); 5.5% syphilis-infected with comparable rates for MSMW (5.6%) and MSMonly (5.5%). In multivariable models, MSMW were more likely than MSM-only to be older, local residents, recruited from outdoor cruising area, drug users, and less likely to have used a condom during last anal sex with a male partner. HIV-infected MSMW were more likely to have syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and less likely to have received peer education. HIV-infected MSM-only were more likely to be older, nonlocal residents, and have syphilis and other STDs. MSMW with syphilis were more likely to be recruited from Jinan, Qingdao, and Zibo (versus Yantai), infected with HIV, and less likely to have received lubricant promotion. MSM-only with syphilis were more likely to be recruited from Jinan and Qingdao (versus Yantai), drug users, infected with HIV, and have had sex with male partners in the past 6 months. High prevalence of bisexual behavior and HIV/other STDs with common unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners among Shandong's gay community revealed in this study highlighted the importance of bisexuals as a potential epidemiologic bridge. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of bisexual behaviors on population transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisexual Behavior and Infection with HIV and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Along the East Coast of China

Liao

Kang

Jiang

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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“…First, like other socially marginalized communities, MSM may face higher stress or depression related to discrimination, resolving sexual identity, and challenges in eliciting social support, particularly among Chinese MSM. Same-sex sexual relationships are regulated by social factors (Choi et al, 2003;J. X. Liu & Choi, 2006;Pilcher, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use Among a Sample of MSM in Shanghai, China

Berg

Nehl

Wong

et al. 2010

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher smoking rates than the general population in the United States, but less is known about smoking among MSM in developing countries. Thus, we examined the prevalence and correlates of smoking among MSM in China. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study of 404 MSM in Shanghai, China (half of whom were male sex workers), recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Assessments included sociodemographics; tobacco, alcohol, and drug use; the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the Social Provisions Scale (SPS); and the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). Results:Smoking prevalence was 65.9% in this sample. Recent smoking (i.e., in the past 3 months) was significantly associated with lower education, greater alcohol use, and higher LGBIS scores, after controlling for important sociodemographics. Among smokers, smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day (CPD), in comparison with <10 CPD, was related to older age and lower LGBIS scores and marginally related to heavy alcohol use. Although bivariate analyses indicated a relationship of CES-D and SPS scores to recent smoking, these factors did not contribute to the regression models. Conclusions:Smoking rates among MSM in China are higher than MSM in the United States and men in China. Less comfort with one's sexual orientation was related to smoking, particularly light smoking. Heavier alcohol consumption, lower education, and older age were also associated with smoking. Future research should confirm these findings and examine mediators and moderators of these relationships in order to inform cessation interventions and tobacco control policy. Brief Report

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“…Although limited data show that HIV prevalence among this group remains at a relatively low level-for example, it was 3.1% in Beijing, 8 1.7% in Guangdong (Southern China) and 1.2% in Shenyang (northern China) 9 -high-risk behaviours such as UAI and multiple sexual partners and deficiency of HIV preventive knowledge place the Chinese MSM at high risk for HIV infection. [10][11][12] Evidence also demonstrates that Chinese gay men are avid users of the internet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet use and risk behaviours: an online survey of visitors to three gay websites in China

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2007

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objectives: To describe the risk behaviours of visitors to gay websites and to explore the role of the internet in the HIV transmission among the Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Between May and August 2006, visitors of three Chinese gay websites were invited to complete an online questionnaire about the use of the internet and risk sexual behaviours. Results: The median age of the online sample was 25 years old (range 18 to 64). Over three-quarters (77.6%) had an education of college or higher. Less than 44% of the online sample reported little or no risk for HIV transmission. These men had either had no anal intercourse (28.0%) or had always used a condom for anal intercourse (15.8%). Although only about half of the participants reported that their main purpose of visiting the gay websites was to look for sexual partners, most participants (86.1%) had used the internet to seek partners. Compared with men seeking sexual partners only on the internet, men seeking partners both in traditional gay venues and on the internet were older, less likely to be students and more likely to have unprotected anal intercourse, more than six sexual partners in the past 6 months and commercial sex behaviours. Conclusion:The users of the gay websites are relatively young and well educated, and highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, given their low prevalence of consistent condom use and multiple-risk sexual behaviours. Effective intervention programmes should be implemented and strengthened in China, especially for those who seek sexual partners both on the internet and in traditional gay venues.

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Emerging HIV-1 epidemic in China in men who have sex with men

Cited by 138 publications

References 3 publications

Bisexual Behavior and Infection with HIV and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Along the East Coast of China

Bisexual Behavior and Infection with HIV and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Along the East Coast of China

Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use Among a Sample of MSM in Shanghai, China

Internet use and risk behaviours: an online survey of visitors to three gay websites in China

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